F2D2: A Block-Coil Short-Model Dipole Toward FCC

Félice, H.; Calvelli, V.; Durante, M.; Mallon, Philip; Manil, P.; Millot, Jean-Francois; Minier, Gilles; Rochepault, Etienne; Bord, Alexandre; Perraud, Simon; Bermúdez, Susana Izquierdo

doi:10.1109/tasc.2019.2897054

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the benefit provided in terms of hot-spot temperature and voltage-to-ground reduces the constraints of the superconducting coils themselves. For example, introducing Secondary CLIQ to FCC-type block-type coils may obviate the need for grading (see for example [46]) inside the superconducting coil. Given that graded superconducting coils come with constraints that are not present for the secondary coils described here (for example, all superconducting coils have to produce a magnetic field with a very high field quality and joints are needed between the graded sections), replacing a graded with an ungraded coil design in combination with Secondary CLIQ may reduce the overall complexity of the design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary CLIQ, a robust, redundant, and cost-effective means of protecting high-field accelerator magnets

Mentink

Ravaioli

2020

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Secondary CLIQ is a quench protection method for protecting high-field accelerator magnets that involves charged capacitors into secondary normal-conducting coils that are magnetically coupled to the superconducting coils. The resulting coupling losses quickly brings the magnet to normal state and safely discharges it. No direct electrical or thermal link is required between the primary and secondary coils, and robust insulation is placed in between them. The two secondary circuits per magnet are galvanically insulated from the primary circuit, so that the tens to hundreds of CLIQ units needed to protect an accelerator circuit are galvanically insulated from one-another and from the superconducting magnets. The two secondary circuits per magnet each feature a CLIQ unit, and each CLIQ unit discharge is sufficient to bring the magnet to normal state over the entire operational current range. The coil geometry is such that the CLIQ discharge does not raise the voltage over the half-turns of the superconducting coils. After the superconducting coils develop resistance, a significant fraction of the stored magnetic energy is inductively transferred to and dissipated in the secondary coils. The resulting favourable adiabatic hot-spot temperature and voltage-to-ground enables the magnet designer to reduce the copper content of the superconducting coils, and thus lower the overall cost of the magnet. Secondary CLIQ quench simulations were performed on a hypothetical 14 m variant of the HD2 Nb3Sn dipole with a bore field of 16 T. It is demonstrated that the Secondary CLIQ method protects the magnet over its entire operational current range even in the case where one of the two CLIQ units fails to discharge with an adiabatic hotspot temperature of 248 K and voltage-to-ground of 610 V under nominal protection conditions, and a worst-case adiabatic hot-spot temperature of 263 K and voltage-to-ground of 840 V under fault conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary CLIQ, a robust, redundant, and cost-effective means of protecting high-field accelerator magnets

Mentink

Ravaioli

2020

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…V. MAGNET MODELS Models of different design options (CEA (block-type, around 10 coils [42]), INFN (cos-theta, 6 coils), CIEMAT (common-coil, 6 coils), PSI (CCT) and BINP (different designs under study)) are being considered to be built and tested in the period until 2022-2025.…”

Section: H Coil Randdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 16 T Dipole Development Program for FCC and HE-LHC

Schoerling

Arbelaez

Auchmann

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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A future circular collider (FCC) with a center-ofmass energy of 100 TeV and a circumference of around 100 km, or an energy upgrade of the LHC (HE-LHC) to 27 TeV require bending magnets providing 16 T in a 50-mm aperture. Several development programs for these magnets, based on Nb 3 Sn technology, are being pursued in Europe and in the U.S. In these programs, cos-theta, block-type, common-coil, and canted-costheta magnets are ex-plored; first model magnets are under manufacture; limits on con-ductor stress levels are studied; and a conductor with enhanced characteristics is developed. This paper summarizes and discusses the status, plans, and preliminary results of these programs.

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“…These programs are tackling the main R&D issues in preparation for the large use of high-field Nb 3 Sn magnets in a particle accelerator, from conductor development to the training performance and design options. Block type (Felice et al 2019), common coil (Toral et al 2018), cos-theta (Valente et al 2018;Zlobin et al 2018), and canted cos-theta (Caspi et al 2017;Montenero et al 2019) are being studied as design options for twin-aperture dipole magnets accessing the 16 T field range. As a magnet's cost is heavily dependent on the amount of conductor used, for a large number of magnets the cos-theta and block coil options would be preferable because, for the same margin on the load line, they are more efficient than the other two options.…”

Section: Present Development Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%