“…Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted great attention for large-scale energy storage applications, due to their safety, non-toxicity and low cost. [1][2][3][4][5] Since zinc metal is usually used in ZIBs, great efforts have been made to explore cathode materials including manganese-based materials, 6,7 vanadium-based materials, 8,9 Prussian blue analogues, 10,11 and organic electrode materials. 12,13 Among them, vanadium-based materials as cathodes have great potential because of their own multivalency, large theoretical specific capacity, and diverse crystal structures.…”