F117-PW-100 Hybrid Ball Bearing Ceramic Technology Insertion

Miner, J. R.; Dell, John; Galbato, A.; Ragen, M. A.

doi:10.1115/1.2816608

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Ceramic bearings have been extensively investigated because they are lighter and harder than steel bearings. The performance of all‐silicon nitride bearings and hybrid ceramic/steel bearings has been compared with steel bearings and has been shown to be superior in respects of speed 1 and life 2, 3 . However, ceramics have lower fracture toughness and are more sensitive to surface cracks than steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaking failure originating from a single surface crack in silicon nitride under rolling contact fatigue

Kida

Saito²,

Kitamura

2005

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A B S T R A C T Flaking failure caused by surface cracks of silicon nitride ceramic bearings has been investigated from the viewpoint of the ring crack model. However, the relation between surface and subsurface cracks under rolling contact fatigue is not fully understood. In this investigation subsurface cracks branching from an initial surface crack were observed in detail, and the process of flaking failure was investigated. The specimens were observed prior to the separation of the surface layers and it was found that the initial surface cracks grew vertically to the surfaces and did not curve as predicted by the ring crack model. Subsurface cracks branched from the single surface cracks and grew in a direction parallel to the surface. They grew in both the same and the opposite directions to the ball movement, with small upward and downward branches. These subsurface cracks grew prior to the semi-circular surface cracks. From these observations it was concluded that the flaking failures are not caused directly by the surface cracks, but by the subsurface cracks that branch from them.Keywords flaking failure; ring crack; silicon nitride ceramic bearing; subsurface crack branching; surface crack. N O M E N C L A T U R E2a = surface crack length c = half width of contact area O = centre of contact circle O = centre of initial surface crack X, Y, Z = coordinate system for contact circle X , Y , Z = coordinate system for initial surface crack σ = normal stress = film thickness parameter τ = shear stress I N T R O D U C T I O NCeramic bearings have been extensively investigated because they are lighter and harder than steel bearings. The performance of all-silicon nitride bearings and hybrid ceramic/steel bearings has been compared with steel bearings and has been shown to be superior in respects of speed 1 and life. 2,3 However, ceramics have lower fracture toughness and are more sensitive to surface cracks than steels. Therefore, the relation between surface cracks and the failure of ceramic bearings has been extensively inves-tigated. Up to the present time these investigations have been done in terms of the 'ring crack model'. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In the studies based on the ring crack model, the process of flaking failures of 'pre-cracked balls' is explained as follows. 5-9,11 A ring crack occurs on the surface of the specimen under rolling contact fatigue (RCF), and then multiple ring cracks occur around the first ring crack. These cracks grow from the specimen surface. After these cracks grow inside the specimen, a network of subsurface cracks is formed between them. This subsurface crack network then expands to a failure. The surface cracks are also formed under static pressure, and they have the same appearance as the surface cracks c

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaking failure originating from a single surface crack in silicon nitride under rolling contact fatigue

Kida

Saito²,

Kitamura

2005

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…Hybrid bearings perform well under poor lubrication and particle contamination conditions compared with all-steel bearings. 1–5 In addition, hybrid bearings have higher speed capabilities (lower mass density of ceramic rolling elements) and provide in most cases much longer bearing service life under the same operating conditions than same-sized all-steel bearings. 6 Hybrid bearings also perform extremely well under high accelerations (lower density), vibrating or oscillating conditions (higher stiffness) and because ceramic is a very good electrical insulating material, hybrid bearings are also widely used in electrical motors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a rolling bearing life model with surface and subsurface survival to hybrid bearing cases

Morales-Espejel

Gabelli

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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A previously published rolling bearing life model that separates the surface and subsurface survival is briefly summarised. The model is applied to the case of hybrid bearings and discussed with regard to a selected set of application examples. Ball hybrid bearings under equal load condition show 12% higher Hertzian stress than all-steel bearings. However, field applications, typically under light load, poor lubrication and contamination, show that hybrid bearings have longer fatigue life than all-steel bearings. Traditional all-steel life models fail to predict this type of behaviour. In this paper, it is shown that hybrid bearing unique fatigue performance can be described using the idea of separation of surface and subsurface survival. The model applies the classical rolling contact fatigue in the subsurface region of the rolling contact while a newly developed tribologically dependent surface degradation models is used for the ceramic-steel raceway interface. It is found that the particular fatigue resistance of the ceramic-steel interface of the hybrid bearing raceway can, in most cases, compensate for the additional stress present in the subsurface region of the contact.

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“…Since Zaretsky's [1] first studies on the application of Al 2 O 3 as bearing material, ceramic bearings have been successfully developed and valued for their superior properties, such as high hardness, high stiffness and low density (Kitamura [2]). Silicon nitride bearings have been researched extensively (see the review by Wang et al [5] and Kitamura [6]) and the performance of all-ceramic bearings as well as components combined with steel have been compared with that of steel bearings [3,4]. Failure caused by surface cracks in silicon nitride balls under rolling contact has been investigated basing on the knowledge of the 'ring crack initiation [7][8][9][10][11][12] mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Crack Growth from Small Indentations in a Silicon Nitride Square Bar under Cyclic Reversed Torsion

Kida

Honda

Santos

2012

AMR

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In order to investigate the mechanism of surface cracks in silicon nitride ceramic (HIP-Si3N4) from the viewpoint of shear stress, the authors focused on torsion fatigue testing and observed the crack growth behavior under conditions where the stress ratio was R = - 1. Furthermore the residual stresses around the cracks were measured. Based on these results, mode II growth of surface cracks is discussed and it was concluded that under stress ratio R = -1, surface cracks grow slowly in mode II, for ΔKⅡ less than 3.6MPam1/2.

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F117-PW-100 Hybrid Ball Bearing Ceramic Technology Insertion

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Flaking failure originating from a single surface crack in silicon nitride under rolling contact fatigue

Flaking failure originating from a single surface crack in silicon nitride under rolling contact fatigue

Application of a rolling bearing life model with surface and subsurface survival to hybrid bearing cases

Surface Crack Growth from Small Indentations in a Silicon Nitride Square Bar under Cyclic Reversed Torsion

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