F-actin reactive smooth muscle antibody in subjects with normal liver function

Toh, Ban Hock; Taylor, Roberta; Pollock, Wendy

doi:10.1080/00313020903071413

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Comparison studies between the various methods have indicated that the indirect immunofluorescence assays have a higher specificity for the diagnosis than the enzyme immunoassays [73], but the presence of anti-actin by enzyme immunoassay in normal individuals [74] and in patients with chronic viral hepatitis or other liver diseases [73,75] has not compromised its value in securing the diagnosis within the proper clinical context [66]. Furthermore, the performance parameters may be enhanced by measuring reactivity against the amino acid sequence 351-362 of the synthetic actin peptide [76], quantifying the immunoglobulin G subclasses associated with anti-actin [76], or re-defining cut-off values to exclude low-level results [66,73,75].…”

Section: Assay Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

Autoantibodies as Prognostic Markers in Autoimmune Liver Disease

Czaja

2010

Dig Dis Sci

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Certain autoantibodies in autoimmune liver disease have prognostic implications that are under-utilized and under-developed. The goals of this review are to indicate progress in characterizing the autoantibodies with prognostic connotations and to indicate the feasibility and importance of discovering other markers. Prime source and review articles in English were selected by a Medline search through 2010. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen, actin, liver cytosol type 1, asialoglycoprotein receptor, chromatin, cyclic citrullinated peptide, and uridine glucuronosyltransferases have been associated with the occurrence, severity, and progression of autoimmune hepatitis, and antibodies to Sp100, gp210, and centromere have had similar implications in primary biliary cirrhosis. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen have shown the most promise in autoimmune hepatitis as they have been associated with severe histological changes, long durations of treatment, relapse after drug withdrawal, and high frequency of liver failure. Antibodies to the nuclear rim pore protein, gp210, have shown the most promise in primary biliary cirrhosis as they have been associated with severe interface hepatitis, lobular inflammation, and progression to liver failure. The major limitations of the autoantibodies have been their lack of standardized assays, low negative predictabilities, and fluctuating levels. Performance parameters will improve as critical pathogenic pathways, comprehensive testing batteries, and standardized assays through international exchange workshops are developed. Progress has been made in identifying the serological markers of prognosis in autoimmune liver disease, and they promise to reflect critical disease mechanisms and enhance patient management.

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Section: Assay Performancementioning

confidence: 97%

Autoantibodies as Prognostic Markers in Autoimmune Liver Disease

Czaja

2010

Dig Dis Sci

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“…Liver biopsies of asymptomatic subjects with mitochondria antibody and normal liver function has shown the histological hallmarks of PBC 63 . Autoantibodies to F‐actin‐specific smooth muscle antibody may also be found in asymptomatic subjects with normal liver function 64 . A 12‐year follow‐up has reported the rare occurrence of development of overt autoimmune hepatitis in asymptomatic subjects with F‐actin antibody and normal liver function 65 …”

Section: Predictive Value Of Diagnostic Autoantibodies For Asymptomatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63 Autoantibodies to F-actin-specific smooth muscle antibody may also be found in asymptomatic subjects with normal liver function. 64 A 12-year follow-up has reported the rare occurrence of development of overt autoimmune hepatitis in asymptomatic subjects with F-actin antibody and normal liver function. 65 CONCLUDING REMARKS F-actin reactive smooth muscle autoantibody, antinuclear autoantibody and autoantibody to SLA/LP are diagnostic for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, while LKM-1 and LC-1 autoantibody are diagnostic for type 2 autoimmune hepatitis.…”

Section: Predictive Value Of Diagnostic Autoantibodies For Asymptomatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic autoantibodies for autoimmune liver diseases

Toh¹

2017

Clin & Trans Imm

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Autoimmune liver diseases are conditions of low prevalence that comprise the triad of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis (cirrhosis) and primary sclerosing cholangitis and their poorly characterised overlapping syndromes. Diagnostic autoantibodies are associated with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis but not with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Autoantibodies are useful disease markers that facilitate early diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis and allow for therapeutic intervention to prevent progression to liver cirrhosis and associated complications. Adult onset type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is associated with F-actin reactive smooth muscle autoantibody, antinuclear autoantibody in 60% of patients, and autoantibody to SLA/LP in 15–20%. Juvenile onset type 2 autoimmune hepatitis is associated with LKM-1 and LC-1 autoantibodies. Primary biliary cholangitis is associated with a mitochondria-associated autoantibody designated M2 in >90% of patients and with disease-specific antinuclear autoantibodies in 50% that bind to antigens in the nuclear core complex and in multiple nuclear dots. Autoantibodies to the nuclear core complex target gp210, nucleoporin p62 and nuclear lamin B receptor. Autoantibodies to multiple nuclear dots target Sp100 and PML antigens. Liver autoantibodies in asymptomatic patients with normal liver function may precede the subsequent development of overt autoimmune liver disease. For routine diagnostic immunology laboratories, initial screening for liver autoantibodies by immunofluorescence remains the method of choice with confirmation for reactivity with their target antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or line blot when required.

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Confirmation of the Diagnosis: Interpreting the Serology

Bogdanos

2011

Autoimmune Hepatitis

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F-actin reactive smooth muscle antibody in subjects with normal liver function

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Autoantibodies as Prognostic Markers in Autoimmune Liver Disease

Autoantibodies as Prognostic Markers in Autoimmune Liver Disease

Diagnostic autoantibodies for autoimmune liver diseases

Confirmation of the Diagnosis: Interpreting the Serology

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