Eyes on the bodies: An eye tracking study on deployment of visual attention among females with body dissatisfaction

Gao, Xiao; Deng, Xiao; Yang, Jia; Liang, Shuang; Liu, Jie; Chen, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.001

Cited by 48 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…However, it is limited to the detection of observable eye events such as fixations and saccades, and does not record covert, peripheral visual processing beyond the foveal focus (cf. An interplay of overt (vigilance, avoidance) and covert (maintenance) attentional components in the time course of threat processing has already been taken into consideration in the field of anxiety disorders (Weierich et al, 2008), and might also be a useful approach to integrate the mixed findings in the field of body image disturbance (e.g., Gao et al, 2014;Smeets et al, 2008). An interplay of overt (vigilance, avoidance) and covert (maintenance) attentional components in the time course of threat processing has already been taken into consideration in the field of anxiety disorders (Weierich et al, 2008), and might also be a useful approach to integrate the mixed findings in the field of body image disturbance (e.g., Gao et al, 2014;Smeets et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the authors, this points to a vigilant-avoidant pattern of attention allocation. However, recent studies on the time course of attention to body pictures contradict these findings, reporting difficulties in disengagement from body stimuli (Gao et al, 2014;Moussally, Brosch, & van der Linden, 2016) or from typical "problem areas" of one's own or a model's body (Janelle et al, 2009) in body-dissatisfied females, and thus suggesting an attentional maintenance bias. This might reflect an attentional reaction to threat, as thinnessrelated cues can be interpreted as ego-threatening and thus aversive for weight-dissatisfied individuals (Gao et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 96%

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Visual processing of one's own body over the course of time: Evidence for the vigilance‐avoidance theory in adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

Bauer

Schneider

Waldorf

et al. 2017

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Visual processing of one's own body over the course of time: Evidence for the vigilance‐avoidance theory in adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

Bauer

Schneider

Waldorf

et al. 2017

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…Das Emotional-Stroop-Paradigma wurde jedoch aufgrund verschiedener methodischer Sequenzanalysen des zeitlichen Verlaufs der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung bieten eine vielversprechende Möglich-keit zur Vertiefung des Verständnis-ses von Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen und zur Auflösung scheinbarer Widersprüche zwischen Befunden. Hierzu legten wiederum Gao et al (2014) eine Studie vor, im Rahmen derer sie die Blickbewegungsdynamik körperzufriedener und -unzufriedener Frauen bei der Betrachtung von Körperbildern analysierten. Für Bilder schlanker und dicker Körperfigu-ren fanden sich bei den körperunzufrie-denen Probandinnen sowohl längere Betrachtungszeiten in frühen, automatisierten als auch in späten, strategiegeleiteten Stadien attentionaler Verarbeitung.…”

Section: Körperbezogene Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungenunclassified

Körperbezogene Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern

et al. 2015

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Körperunzufriedenheit kann primär als kognitiv-affektive Manifestation eines gestörten Körperbilds konzeptualisiert werden. Eine defizitorientierte Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf körper-und figurbezogeneStimuli, die ebenfalls der kognitiven Ebene eines gestörten Körperbilds zugeordnet werden kann, wird im Rahmen klinisch-psychologischer Forschung sowohl bei Frauen als auch bei Männern seit Längerem als mög-licher Faktor für (pathologische) Figur-und Gewichtssorgen diskutiert. Praktisch alle entsprechenden Modelle berücksichtigen zumindest die evaluative Dimension des Körperbilds. Allerdings erscheint es angesichts der wachsenden Zahl empirischer Befunde, die eine dysfunktionale Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf problemrelevante Reize als kognitives Korrelat, aufrechterhaltenden Pathomechanismus verschiedener klinisch relevanter Problematiken und als Ziel von Modifikationsversuchen ausgewiesen haben, verwunderlich, dass Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen in Modellen zum Körperbild bislang nur selten explizit postuliert werden. 477 Psychotherapeut 6 · 2015 | Schwerpunkt: Körperbild und Körperbildstörung -Übersichten Redaktion A. Martin, Wuppertal J. Svaldi, Tübingen Schlüsselwörter Essstörungen · Körperunzufriedenheit · Selektive Aufmerksamkeit · Kognitiv-behaviorales Modell · Modifikation attentionaler Verzerrungen Body-related attentional bias in women and men. Potential risk factor for the development and maintenance of a distorted body image AbstractBackground. Attentional bias during the processing of body and shape-related stimuli are assumed to perpetuate body dissatisfaction and a disturbed body image. Objectives. This article presents a review of currently available studies concerning body and shape-related attentional bias in both genders. Material and methods. In the light of a heuristic cognitive-behavioral meta-model for the development and perpetuation of disturbed body images, recent findings on body and shape-related attentional bias are presented separately for women and men. Furthermore, findings on the experimental modification of this bias in women are presented and the implications for the therapeutic practice are deduced. Results and conclusion.For both genders the presented results indicate that (sub)clinical body image concerns are associated with a more dysfunctional processing of body and shape-related stimuli, especially with respect to one's own body. Moreover, findings on the modification of attentional bias in women suggest a causal relationship between attention allocation towards negatively rated body stimuli and body dissatisfaction.

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“…Several studies have utilized eye‐tracking to investigate the processing of body‐ and/or food‐related stimuli, primarily for body or weight dissatisfaction in non‐clinical samples (e.g., Gao et al, ; Glashouwer, Jonker, Thomassen, & de Jong, ; Jansen, Nederkoorn, & Mulkens, ). For instance, despite self‐reported improvement of reduced shape concern and eating disorder symptoms, Glashouwer et al () reported that women with high body dissatisfaction attended to “ugly” body parts longer than “beautiful” ones for both their own and other people's body images, after a 5‐week body positivity training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating disorder symptomatology and body mass index are associated with readers' expectations about character behavior: Evidence from eye‐tracking during reading

Ralph‐Nearman

Filik

2018

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective Many theories have been put forward suggesting key factors underlying the development and maintenance of eating disorders, such as: unhealthy food‐related cognitive biases, negative body attitude, and perfectionism; however, underlying cognitive processes associated with eating disorder symptomatology remain unclear. We used eye‐tracking during reading as a novel implicit measure of how these factors may relate to eating disorder symptomatology. Method In two experiments, we monitored women's eye movements while they read texts in which the characters' emotional responses to food‐, body image‐, and perfectionism‐related scenarios were described. Participants' eating disorder symptomatology was then assessed. Results Both studies suggest that moment‐to‐moment processing of characters' emotional responses to perfectionism‐, and to a lesser extent, body image‐related information was associated with participants' eating disorder symptomatology, thus supporting theories in which these factors are key to developing and maintaining eating disorders. Interestingly, the moment‐to‐moment processing of characters' emotional responses to food‐related scenarios was not related to eating disorder symptomatology. Discussion These findings provide novel insights into cognitive processes underlying eating disorder symptomatology, as well as demonstrating the utility of more natural implicit measures.

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Eyes on the bodies: An eye tracking study on deployment of visual attention among females with body dissatisfaction

Cited by 48 publications

References 49 publications

Visual processing of one's own body over the course of time: Evidence for the vigilance‐avoidance theory in adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

Visual processing of one's own body over the course of time: Evidence for the vigilance‐avoidance theory in adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

Körperbezogene Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern

Eating disorder symptomatology and body mass index are associated with readers' expectations about character behavior: Evidence from eye‐tracking during reading

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