Eye tracking studies of normative and atypical development

Karatekin, Canan

doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.06.006

Cited by 193 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…pursuit pathologically (Karatekin, 2007;Rommelse et al, 2008). Yet, methylphenidate which amplifies dopaminergic and noradrenergic signalling in fronto-striatal regions has been shown to improve pursuit performance in children with ADHD and healthy adults (Allman et al, 2012;Bylsma and Pivik, 1989).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements

et al. 2016

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Citation for published version (APA):Kasparbauer, A-M., Meyhöfer, I., Steffens, M., Weber, B., Aydin, M., Kumari, V., ... Ettinger, U. (2016). Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements. NeuroImage. DOI: 10.1016DOI: 10. /j.neuroimage.2016 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.•Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.•You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact librarypure@kcl.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractIntroduction: Nicotine and methylphenidate are putative cognitive enhancers in healthy and patient populations. Although they stimulate different neurotransmitter systems, they have been shown to enhance performance on overlapping measures of attention. So far, there has been no direct comparison of the effects of these two stimulants on behavioural performance or brain function in healthy humans. Here, we directly compare the two compounds using a wellestablished oculomotor biomarker in order to explore common and distinct behavioural and neural effects. Methods: Eighty-two healthy male non-smokers performed a smooth pursuit eye movement task while lying in an fMRI scanner. In a between-subjects, double-blind design, subjects either received placebo (placebo patch and capsule), nicotine (7mg nicotine patch and placebo capsule), or methylphenidate (placebo patch and 40mg methylphenidate capsule).Results: There wer...

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Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements

et al. 2016

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“…Although a number of published empirical articles (Nyström, Andersson, Holmqvist, & van de Weijer, 2013;Wass et al, 2014;Wass, Smith, & Johnson, 2013), methodological reviews (Gredebäck, Johnson, & von Hofsten, 2010;Karatekin, 2007;Oakes, 2012), publication guidelines (e.g., Oakes, 2010), and conferences (e.g., EyeTracKids) have addressed the use of eye-gaze measures to study typical development, methodological issues specific to children with NDD have received less attention (but see Kylliäinen et al, 2014;Sasson & Elison, 2012). Discussing this topic is worthwhile because the issues that arise in studies of individuals with NDD may differ from those that arise in studies of typically developing individuals.…”

Section: Considerations For Using Eye-gaze Methods In Studies Of Nddmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilot testing helps determine when the task is long enough to provide an accurate estimate but short enough that children do not become bored (Kylliäinen et al, 2014). Because of attentional limitations, tasks tend to be shorter in studies of younger children or children with NDD; however, this may reduce measurement reliability (Karatekin, 2007), which is unfortunate because reliability is critical for tracking change in individual children and making accurate longitudinal predictions. One option for increasing the total number of trials is to have participants complete blocks of a task on multiple visits; if there are no significant differences in performance across visits, it may be possible to combine the trials for each participant.…”

Section: Length Of Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because eye-gaze methods require only passive engagement-namely, sitting and looking at a screen-they have limited behavioral demands relative to assessment techniques that require a purposeful response (Abbeduto, Kover, & McDuffie, 2012;Falck-Ytter, Bölte, & Gredebäck, 2013;Karatekin, 2007). This means that eyegaze methods may be well suited for children with NDD who are unable to follow an examiner's overt requests or are distressed by them (Brady, Anderson, Hahn, Obermeier, & Kapa, 2014;Charman, Drew, Baird, & Baird, 2003).…”

Section: Limited Behavioral Response Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased spatial precision offered by automatic eye tracking can allow gaze location within relatively small areas to be parsed into fixations (i.e., periods of focused gaze), saccades (i.e., ballistic eye movements that attempt to bring visual stimuli into view), and smooth pursuit eye movements (i.e., movements required to track objects moving slowly and smoothly; Karatekin, 2007). Some highspeed eye trackers are capable of tracking microsaccades, small saccades during a fixation that occur one to two times per second (Martinez-Conde, Otero-Millan, & Macknik, 2013).…”

Section: Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Open Conversation on Using Eye-Gaze Methods in Studies of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Venker

Kover

2015

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: Eye-gaze methods have the potential to advance the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their increasing use, challenges arise in using these methods with individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and in reporting sufficient methodological detail such that the resulting research is replicable and interpretable. Method: This tutorial presents key considerations involved in designing and conducting eye-gaze studies for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and proposes conventions for reporting the results of such studies. Results: Methodological decisions (e.g., whether to use automated eye tracking or manual coding, implementing strategies to scaffold children's performance, defining valid trials) have cascading effects on the conclusions drawn from eye-gaze data. Research reports that include specific information about procedures, missing data, and selection of participants will facilitate interpretation and replication. Conclusions: Eye-gaze methods provide exciting opportunities for studying neurodevelopmental disorders. Open discussion of the issues presented in this tutorial will improve the pace of productivity and the impact of advances in research on neurodevelopmental disorders. E ye-gaze methods (i.e., automatic eye-tracking systems or manual off-line coding of eye movements) are appealing for studying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) because they have the potential to assess real-time processing with precision, have limited behavioral task demands, and can address clinically relevant questions about developmental mechanisms and individual differences. By providing a window into underlying cognitive processes, these methods allow researchers to ask innovative questions that have energized the field and accelerated the progress of research on NDD. Despite these advantages, several challenges limit the progress of this work. First, concerns with study design and data collection that are unique to children with NDD have not been thoroughly addressed. These issues center upon selecting an eye-gaze procedure, designing a task, and collecting data in a manner that supports the involvement of children from multiple participant groups, which may include a wide range of ages or developmental levels. Second, published research reports often omit key methodological details, making it challenging for scientists and consumers to interpret and evaluate results, compare findings across studies, and replicate prior work (Kylliäinen, Jones, Gomot, Warreyn, & Falck-Ytter, 2014;Oakes, 2010). Given the small samples and substantial variability that characterize many studies of individuals with NDD, it is critical to discuss issues around data processing and cleaning, analysis, and interpretation. As with any specialized research methodology, using eye-gaze tasks for the study of NDD incorporates many considerations that directly affect the conclusions drawn from researchconsiderations that we believe deserve increased attention.Our goals in this tutorial are to (a) highlight the considerat...

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Using Eye Tracking Methodology in Children with Anxiety Disorders

In‐Albon

Schneider

2010

Information Processing Biases and Anxiety

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Eye tracking studies of normative and atypical development

Cited by 193 publications

References 225 publications

Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements

Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements

An Open Conversation on Using Eye-Gaze Methods in Studies of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Using Eye Tracking Methodology in Children with Anxiety Disorders

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