Eye Tracking Research in Cartography: Looking into the Future

Krassanakis, Vassilios; Cybulski, Paweł

doi:10.3390/ijgi10060411

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a nutshell, the aforementioned studies confirm that the method is well accepted by the cartographic community. As it is obvious, the total number of empirical studies which utilize mouse tracking as the main experimental method is not that high, especially after comparing it with the existing applications of eye tracking in cartography and spatial research [38][39][40][41]. However, considering the main strengths and future potential discussed in the following section, mouse tracking could serve as one of the most powerful methods in cartographic research.…”

Section: Mouse-tracking Techniques In Cartographic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a common practice in research studies related to visual attention, including cartography and geographic information science (see, e.g., the eye-tracking datasets distributed by previous research studies [45,46,50]). In a recent study [40], the twofold advantages of this approach are explained: freely distributed datasets are considered as objective ground truths for the analysis and the modeling of searching behavior; at the same time, open science is promoted by providing the collected data to the scientific community for further research.…”

Section: Strengths and Future Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mouse Tracking as a Method for Examining the Perception and Cognition of Digital Maps

Krassanakis

Misthos

2023

Digital

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article aims to present the authors’ perspective regarding the challenges and opportunities of mouse-tracking methodology while performing experimental research, particularly related to the map-reading process. We briefly describe existing metrics, visualization techniques and software tools utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of experimental mouse-movement data towards the examination of both perceptual and cognitive issues. Moreover, we concisely report indicative examples of mouse-tracking studies in the field of cartography. The article concludes with summarizing mouse-tracking strengths/potential and limitations, compared to eye tracking. In a nutshell, mouse tracking is a straightforward method, particularly suitable for tracking real-life behaviors in interactive maps, providing the valuable opportunity for remote experimentation; even though it is not suitable for tracking the actual free-viewing behavior, it can be concurrently utilized with other state-of-the-art experimental methods.

show abstract

Section: Mouse-tracking Techniques In Cartographic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Future Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Tracking as a Method for Examining the Perception and Cognition of Digital Maps

Krassanakis

Misthos

2023

Digital

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to survey methods, eye tracking has gained importance in recent times. It involves recording eye movements, like fixations and saccades, and related indexes such as time to the first fixation, target dwell, and fixation count, and has become increasingly significant in various fields of cartography [41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animating Cartographic Meaning: Unveiling the Impact of Pictorial Symbol Motion Speed in Preattentive Processing

Cybulski

2024

IJGI

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The primary objective of this study is to assess how the motion of dynamic point symbols impacts preattentive processing on a map. Specifically, it involves identifying the motion velocity parameters for cartographic animated pictorial symbols that contribute to the preattentive perception of the target symbols. We created five pictorial symbols, each accompanied by a unique animation tailored to convey the meaning associated with each symbol. The animation dynamics of symbols on the administrative map were distributed across arithmetic, logarithmic, and exponential scales. Eye-tracking technology was utilized to explain the user’s visual attention. The key findings reveal that, although movement does not uniformly hold the same designation in cartographic communication, it could guide user attention to identify the value peaks in quantitative map visualization. Motion velocity enhances the salience of animated symbols, making them stand out, not only against static elements but also against other animated distractors. Additionally, motion distributions between symbol classes based on exponential or arithmetic scales were identified as the most successful. Nevertheless, certain types of motion, such as rotational, do not perform well with pictorial symbols, even on the most effective motion distribution scale.

show abstract

“…Among the aforementioned techniques and methods, eye tracking and eye movement analysis seem to offer great opportunities to examine several aspects related to the map reading process. Over the last years, several review studies summarized the importance of eye tracking experimentation in cartographic research (Kiefer et al, 2017;Krassanakis & Cybulski, 2019, 2021 recognizing and also highlighting potential trends and research gaps towards future research (Krassanakis & Cybulski, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motion velocity as a preattentive feature in cartographic symbolization

Cybulski,

Krassanakis

2023

JEMR

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The presented study aims to examine the process of preattentive processing of dynamic point symbols used in cartographic symbology. More specifically, we explore different motion types of geometric symbols on a map together with various motion velocity distribution scales. The main hypothesis is that, in specific cases, motion velocity of dynamic point symbols is the feature that could be perceived preattentively on a map. In a controlled laboratory experiment, with 103 participants and eye tracking methods, we used administrative border maps with animated symbols. Participants’ task was to find and precisely identify the fastest changing symbol. It turned out that not every type of motion could be perceived preattentively even though the motion distribution scale did not change. The same applied to symbols’ shape. Eye movement analysis revealed that successful detection was closely related to the fixation on the target after initial preattentive vision. This confirms a significant role of the motion velocity distribution and the usage of symbols’ shape in cartographic design of animated maps.

show abstract

Eye Tracking Research in Cartography: Looking into the Future

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Mouse Tracking as a Method for Examining the Perception and Cognition of Digital Maps

Mouse Tracking as a Method for Examining the Perception and Cognition of Digital Maps

Animating Cartographic Meaning: Unveiling the Impact of Pictorial Symbol Motion Speed in Preattentive Processing

Motion velocity as a preattentive feature in cartographic symbolization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About