Eye-tracking dysfunction (ETD) in families with sporadic and familial schizophrenia

Lencer, Rebekka; Malchow, C.P.; Trillenberg-Krecker, Katja; Schwinger, E.; Arolt, Volker

doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00249-8

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Note that baseline differences and the direction of change after nicotine administration were similar for 9.41/s targets to those reported here but not statistically significant. This is consistent with a previous report Nicotine and leading saccades in schizophrenia MT Avila et al showing reliable differences only at higher target speeds (Lencer et al, 1999b).…”

Section: Smokerssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Here, we focus on data for 18.71/s trials in order to allow comparisons with the previously published report on leading saccades and smoking, which used a target speed of 161/s . In addition, a number of studies suggest that SPEM deficits are more reliably observed when higher target speeds are used (eg Abel et al, 1991;Clementz and McDowell, 1994;Clementz et al, 1995;Thaker et al, 1998)Fthis includes a report by Lencer et al (1999b) who found group differences in leading saccades only at higher target speeds (15 vs 301/s).…”

Section: Oculomotor Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Avila

Sherr

Hong

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Several studies have shown that schizophrenic patients and their biological relatives generate a greater number of leading saccades during smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) tasks. This abnormality may reflect a failure of cortical and/or cerebellar areas to coordinate saccadic and pursuit eye movements during visual tracking. The pharmacology of this phenomenon is not known. Here, we sought to replicate and extend the findings of Olincy et al (1998), who found that nicotine transiently reduced the number of leading saccades during SPEMs. A total of 27 subjects with schizophrenia (17 males; 14 smokers), and 25 healthy comparison subjects (nine males; 14 smokers) completed an eye-tracking task after receiving a 1.0 mg nasal spray of nicotine and during drug-free conditions. Results confirm that nicotine reduces the number of leading saccadic eye movements during visual tracking in schizophrenic patients. Baseline impairments and the beneficial effects of nicotine were not restricted to patient smokers, as nonsmoker patients exhibited the greatest number of leading saccades in the no drug condition and exhibited the most pronounced improvements after nicotine administration. Improvement in patient nonsmokers was not a function of previous smoking history. No effect of nicotine was observed in control nonsmokers. In contrast to the previous study, nicotine appeared to improve performance in control smokers. Overall, the study results support a functional role of nACh receptors in improving eye-tracking performance, and are consistent with the hypothesis, articulated by several investigators, that nACh receptor system abnormalities are responsible for a number of schizophrenia-related neurophysiological deficits.

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Section: Smokerssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Oculomotor Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Avila

Sherr

Hong

et al. 2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…However, the present findings are the first to document the onset of this robust deficit after the initiation of antipsychotic therapy. Our results are also important in documenting that antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients do not have deficits on this procedural learning task, which stands out as an area of intact neurocognitive function in the context of widespread neuropsychological (Bilder et al, 2000;Hill et al, 2004) and oculomotor deficits (Clementz et al, 1994;Harris et al, 2006;Lencer et al, 2000;Ross et al, 1997;Sweeney et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of Risperidone on Procedural Learning in Antipsychotic-Naive First-Episode Schizophrenia

Harris

Wiseman

Reilly

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Studies of procedural learning in medicated schizophrenia patients using predictive saccade paradigms have consistently demonstrated hypometric predictive responses. Findings from antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients indicate fewer or no deficits. This pattern of findings suggests that antipsychotic medications might adversely affect frontostriatal systems supporting procedural learning on this task. The accuracy and latency of predictive saccades were assessed in 25 antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients and 22 matched healthy individuals. Patients were retested after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone. Healthy individuals were reevaluated after a similar time period. The ability to learn to time response initiation in anticipation of target appearance (target prediction) was not impaired in patients before or after treatment. In contrast, although no deficits were evident before treatment initiation, after treatment patients showed a marked decrease in the accuracy of predictive but not sensory-guided responses. The findings from pretreatment testing indicate that procedural learning is a relatively unaffected cognitive domain in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia. Although treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms were minimal, these data suggest that D2 antagonism in striatum after risperidone treatment was sufficiently robust to disrupt the generation of planned volitional behavior guided by internalized representations.

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“…Many independent studies have documented the presence of eyetracking deficits in nonschizophrenia 1 st degree relatives of patients (40)(41)(42)(43). Typically, eyetracking measured by the traditional pursuit target in the non-schizophrenia relatives was between patients and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the Predictive Pursuit Endophenotype in Schizophrenia

Hong¹,

Turano

O’Neill³

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

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Background-To fully utilize a schizophrenia endophenotype in gene search and subsequent neurobiological studies, it's critical that the precise underlying physiological deficit is identified. Abnormality in smooth pursuit eye movements is one of the endophenotypes of schizophrenia. The precise nature of the abnormality is unknown. Previous work has shown a reduced predictive pursuit response to a briefly masked (i.e. invisible) moving object in schizophrenia. However, the overt awareness of target removal can confound the measurement.

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Eye-tracking dysfunction (ETD) in families with sporadic and familial schizophrenia

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Effects of Nicotine on Leading Saccades during Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Smokers and Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia

Effects of Risperidone on Procedural Learning in Antipsychotic-Naive First-Episode Schizophrenia

Refining the Predictive Pursuit Endophenotype in Schizophrenia

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