Eye tracking as a mean to detect feigned cognitive impairment in the Word Memory Test

Elbaum, Tomer; Lupu, Tamar; Golan, Lior; Wagner, Michael; Braw, Yoram

doi:10.1080/23279095.2018.1480483

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…They also had significantly longer RTs than honest controls. These findings are in line with those of recent simulation studies using FCRM-PVTs, including the WMT (Elbaum et al, 2019;Lau et al, 2017;Lupu et al, 2018;Tomer et al, 2018). They also correspond to those of studies in which information processing speed tasks other than FCRM-PVTs were utilized (Reicker, 2008;Willison & Tombaugh, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…First, endorsing an intentional strategy of decreased attention when presented with the stimuli at the PVT's learning phase may have reduced the simulators' stimulus-memory trace match. This interpretation corresponds to findings of a recent study in which participants' eye movements were monitored while performing the WMT (Tomer et al, 2018). Simulators in this study seemed to avoid the screen areas in which the stimuli (i.e., words) were presented.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This speed-accuracy tradeoff was recognized long ago as a critical factor in interpreting performance, suggesting that neither accuracy nor RTs provide sufficient information about ability and should not be considered in isolation (Heitz, 2014). Second, the attempt to feign cognitive impairment may necessitate additional cognitive processes, beyond those utilized when responding honestly, leading to an increase in the cognitive load that is experienced by the examinee (see Tomer et al, 2018;Willison & Tombaugh, 2006). However, we have little understanding of these cognitive processes, or of those involved in performing FCRM-PVTs in general.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

2020

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Forced-choice performance validity tests are routinely used for the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. The drift diffusion model deconstructs performance into distinct cognitive processes using accuracy and response time measures. It thereby offers a unique approach for gaining insight into examinees’ speed-accuracy trade-offs and the cognitive processes that underlie their performance. The current study is the first to perform such analyses using a well-established forced-choice performance validity test. To achieve this aim, archival data of healthy participants, either simulating cognitive impairment in the Word Memory Test or performing it to the best of their ability, were analyzed using the EZ-diffusion model ( N = 198). The groups differed in the three model parameters, with drift rate emerging as the best predictor of group membership. These findings provide initial evidence for the usefulness of the drift diffusion model in clarifying the cognitive processes underlying feigned cognitive impairment and encourage further research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

2020

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“…Eye-related measures, such as pupil dilation ( Palinko et al, 2010 ), fixation duration ( Matthews et al, 2015 ), saccade rate, and gaze shifts ( Tomer et al, 2018 ), as well as saccadic range ( May et al, 1990 ), were reported as indices of mental workload. There is limited evidence for ocular measures as stress indicators, and most findings are concerning pupil dilation ( Pedrotti et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grip Force on Steering Wheel as a Measure of Stress

et al. 2021

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Driver performance is crucial for road safety. There is a relationship between performance and stress such that too high or too low stress levels (usually characterized by stressful or careless driving, respectively) impair driving quality. Therefore, monitoring stress levels can improve the overall performance of drivers by providing either an alert or intervention when stress levels are sub-optimal. Commonly used stress measures suffer from several shortcomings, such as time delays in indication and invasiveness of sensors. Grip force is a relatively new measure that shows promising results in measuring stress during psychomotor tasks. In driving, grip force sensor is non-invasive and transparent to the end user as drivers must continuously grip the steering wheel. The aim of the current research is to examine whether grip force can be used as a useful measure of stress in driving tasks. Twenty-one participants took part in a field experiment in which they were required to brake the vehicle in various intensities. The effects of the braking intensity on grip force, heart rate, and heart rate variability were analyzed. The results indicate a significant correlation between these three parameters. These results provide initial evidence that grip force can be used to measure stress in driving tasks. These findings may have several applications in the field of stress and driving research as well as in the vehicle safety domain.

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“…Many other studies focused on how deceivers exhibit different eye-gaze fixation patterns (Schwedes & Wentura, 2012) and pupil dilation variations (Bradley et al, 2008;Cook et al, 2012;Webb et al, 2010) relative to truth-tellers. Also, Tomer et al (2020) integrated eye tracking technology with the Word Memory Test (WMT; Green, 2003) in order to test its usefulness for detecting feigned cognitive impairment. This was found to measure cognitive processes and showed initial promises for the detection of feigned cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Eye Tracking As Performance Validity Measurementioning

confidence: 99%

An Eye Tracking Study on Feigned Schizophrenia

Ales

Giromini

Warmelink

et al. 2021

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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Research on malingering detection has not yet taken full advantage of eye tracking technology. In particular, while several studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia behave notably differently from controls on specific oculomotor tasks, no study has yet investigated whether experimental participants instructed to feign could reproduce those behaviors, if coached to do so. Due to the automatic nature of eye movements, we anticipated that eye tracking analyses would help detect feigned schizophrenic problems. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the eye movements of 83 adult UK volunteers, and tested whether eye movements of healthy volunteers instructed to feign schizophrenia (n = 43) would differ from those of honest controls (n = 40), while engaging in smooth pursuit and pro- and anti-saccade tasks. Additionally, results from our investigation were also compared against previously published data observed in patients with schizophrenia performing similar oculomotor tasks. Data analysis showed that eye movements of experimental participants instructed to feign (a) only partially differed from those of controls and (b) did not closely resemble those from patients with schizophrenia reported in previously published papers. Taken together, these results suggest that examination of eye movements does have the potential to help detecting feigned schizophrenia.

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Eye tracking as a mean to detect feigned cognitive impairment in the Word Memory Test

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses

Grip Force on Steering Wheel as a Measure of Stress

An Eye Tracking Study on Feigned Schizophrenia

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