Eye size in healthy Swedish children and in children with fetal alcohol syndrome

Hellström, Ann; Svensson, Elisabeth; Strömland, Kerstin

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00406.x

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There are no significant differences in gene expression of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), catalase, and a number of the cytochrome P450 enzyme family between B6 and D2 mice; aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) are higher in D2, whereas aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1) is higher in B6 (Bhave et al, 2006). One report indicated that hepatic and brain catalase activities were two- to three-fold higher in adult D2 than in adult B6 mice (He et al, 1997). Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) is a major form of alcohol catabolic enzyme in embryonic alcohol metabolism (Duester, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Differences in Developmental Vulnerability to Alcohol Exposure via Embryo Culture in Mice

Chen

Öztürk

et al. 2011

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

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Background Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in varying degrees of neurodevelopmental deficits, growth retardation, and facial dysmorphology. Variation in these adverse outcomes not only depends on the dose and pattern of alcohol exposure but also on less well understood interactions among environmental, genetic, and maternal factors. The current study tested the hypothesis that fetal genotype is an important determinant of ethanol teratogenesis by evaluating effects of ethanol exposure via embryo culture in three inbred strains of mice known to differ in the vulnerability of prenatal alcohol exposure in vivo. Methods and results Three strains of mice, C57BL/6N (B6), DBA/2 (D2), and 129S6/SvEvTac (129S6) were assessed in a whole embryo culture beginning on embryonic day 8.25 (E8.25), with or without alcohol administration at 88mM for 6 hours followed by 42 hrs culture in ethanol-free media. Contrasting strain differences in susceptibility were observed for the brain, the face, and other organ systems using the Maele-Fabry and Picard scoring system. The forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, heart, optic vesicle, caudal neural tube, and hindlimbs of the B6 mice were severely delayed in growth, whereas compared to the respective controls, only the forebrain and optic vesicle were delayed in the D2 mice, and no effects were found in the 129S6 mice. A large number of cleaved(c)-caspase3 positive (+) cells were found in regions of the brain, optic vesicles, cranial nerve nuclei V, VII, VIII, and IX as well as the craniofacial primordial; only a few were found in corresponding regions of the B6 controls. In contrast, only a small number of c-caspase 3-im cells were found in either the alcohol-treated or the controls of the D2 embryos and in 129S6 embryos. The independent apoptotic markers TUNEL and Nile blue staining further confirmed the strain differences in apoptotic responses in both the neural tube and craniofacial primordia. Conclusions Under embryo culture conditions, in which alcohol exposure factors and fetal developmental staging were controlled, and maternal and intrauterine factors were eliminated, the degree of growth retardation and the extent and type of neurodevelopmental teratogenesis varied significantly across strains. Notably, the 129S6 strain was remarkably resistant to alcohol-induced growth deficits, confirming a previous in vivo study, and the D2 strain was also significantly less affected than the B6 strain. These findings demonstrate that fetal genotype is an important factor that can contribute to the variation in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Differences in Developmental Vulnerability to Alcohol Exposure via Embryo Culture in Mice

Chen

Öztürk

et al. 2011

Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research

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“…Intercorrelated diagnoses of prematurity and LBW ⁄ SGA, as well as prenatal alcohol-related diseases (e.g. FAS) have been shown to be associated with a range of ophthalmic morbidities (Stro¨mland 1985;Hellstro¨m et al 1997Hellstro¨m et al , 2000Hellstro¨m et al , 2004Holmstro¨m et al 1998Holmstro¨m et al , 1999Vohr et al 2000;O'Connor et al 2002;Larsson 2004). Preterm children have a higher risk of developing refractive errors than children born full-term (Holmstro¨m et al 1998;Larsson 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of physical measurements are used in the evaluation of children with dysmorphic features and ⁄ or structural anomalies. Among these are the measurements of eye structures such as total ocular axial length (TAL) (Hellstro¨m et al 1997), inner canthal distance (ICD) and palpebral fissure length (PFL) (Hall et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between ophthalmological and neuropaediatric findings in children adopted from Eastern Europe

Grönlund

Landgren

Strömland

et al. 2010

Acta Ophthalmologica

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. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate and relate visual function, ocular dimensions and neuropaediatric findings in adoptees from Eastern Europe. Methods: We studied 72 of 99 children, born during 1990–95 and adopted from Eastern Europe to western Sweden during 1993–97. The children (mean age 7.5 years, range 4.8–10.5 years; 41 boys, 31 girls) were examined after a mean period of 5 years post‐adoption by a multidisciplinary team. Correlations between ophthalmological findings and neuropaediatric data were analysed. Results: Bivariate and regression analyses indicate a significant positive correlation between visual acuity (VA) and perceptual organization (p < 0.001), as well as between strabismus and verbal comprehension (p < 0.02). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was correlated with low VA (p < 0.02), subnormal stereovision (p < 0.009) and small optic discs (p < 0.02). Small head circumference was related to low VA (p < 0.015) and small optic discs (p < 0.03). Furthermore, small optic discs were related to low birthweight (p < 0.005) and preterm birth (p < 0.01). Large optic cups were correlated with poorer perceptual organization (p < 0.02). Conclusions: In this group of adoptees from Eastern Europe, ophthalmological findings were correlated to neuropaediatric findings, especially those arising from prenatal adverse events resulting in growth deficiency and central nervous system damage. Therefore, it is important and valuable with an ophthalmological examination in children adopted from Eastern Europe.

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“…No Brasil, estima-se que 6/ 1000 mulheres façam uso de álcool durante a gestação (9) . As alterações encontradas neste grupo de indivíduos são comuns às manifestações oftalmológicas da síndrome alcoólica fetal (SAF), tais como: epicanto, filtro nasal hipoplásico, base nasal alargada, achatamento da face média, baixa acuidade visual, hipoplasia do nervo óptico, miopia e ptose, em associação com uso de álcool durante a gestação (9,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . Porém, não foi confirmado nenhum caso de SAF dentre os indivíduos da amostra estudada, uma vez que não apresentavam os critérios diagnósticos para a síndrome completa, que incluem retardo do crescimento pré ou pós-natal, envolvimento do sistema nervoso e dismorfismo facial, além da história de uso de álcool durante a gestação.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Características clínicas e oftalmológicas de indivíduos com necessidades especiais institucionalizados no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

Jorge¹,

Ventura²,

Teló³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras.oftalmol.

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RESUMOObjetivo: Descrever as características clínicas e oftalmológicas encontrados em indiví-duos institucionalizados, com necessidades especiais no estado de Pernambuco. Méto-dos: Realizou-se projeto multidisciplinar em 37 pacientes, com necessidades especiais, institucionalizados na Comunidade Rodolfo Aureliano (CRAUR), unidade da Fundação da Criança e do Adolescente (FUNDAC) em Recife-PE. A faixa etária dos indiví-duos institucionalizados variou de seis a 30 anos, média de 18,8 ± 5,1 anos. O sexo masculino foi mais prevalente com 35 indivíduos (94,5%). Consideraram-se como indivíduos institucionalizados, aqueles que vivem abrigados em instituições mantidas pelo Estado. Foi feito estudo de corte transversal, verificando-se os principais achados clíni-cos e oftalmológicos destes indivíduos. Realizou-se o exame oftalmológico completo nos casos, com boa colaboração e de acordo com protocolo pré-estabelecido. Resultados: Uso de álcool na gravidez foi relatado por nove mães (24,3%). Verificou-se a presença de retardo mental grave em 22 casos (59,4 %), paralisia cerebral e epilepsia em sete (18,9%) indivíduos cada. Foi possível a realização do exame oftalmológico completo em 24 indivíduos (64,8%). Detectou-se cegueira legal em dez casos (41,6%). Os diagnósticos oftalmológicos mais encontrados foram ambliopia, erro refracional e phthisis bulbi em três casos (12,5%) cada. Estrabismo foi encontrado em dois casos (8,3%). Conclusão: Os achados oftalmológicos revelaram a importância do exame oftalmológico em indivíduos com necessidades especiais institucionalizados. A associação com múltiplas deficiências, tais como: doenças neuropsiquiátricas, contribuiu para o maior grau de dificuldade na avaliação e condução dos casos.Descritores: Síndrome alcoólica fetal; Anormalidades múltiplas; Pessoas com deficiên-cias; Saúde da criança institucionalizada; População institucionalizada; Anormalidades do olho 1 Médica, aluna do curso de especialização em Oftalmologia da Fundação Altino Ventura -FAV -Recife (PE), Brasil; 2 Doutora, Coordenadora do curso de especialização em Oftalmologia da Fundação Altino Ventura.

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Eye size in healthy Swedish children and in children with fetal alcohol syndrome

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Strain Differences in Developmental Vulnerability to Alcohol Exposure via Embryo Culture in Mice

Strain Differences in Developmental Vulnerability to Alcohol Exposure via Embryo Culture in Mice

Relationships between ophthalmological and neuropaediatric findings in children adopted from Eastern Europe

Características clínicas e oftalmológicas de indivíduos com necessidades especiais institucionalizados no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

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