Eye movements induced by lateral acceleration steps Effect of visual context and acceleration levels

Gianna, Claire C.; Gresty, Michael A.; Bronstein, Adolfo M.

doi:10.1007/pl00005611

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…One laboratory reported latency of the human heave LVOR to be 38 ms (Bronstein and Gresty 1988;Bronstein et al 1991), but the same laboratory reported a 76 ms mean with a range up to 130 ms in another study of subjects aged 22-49 years (Lempert et al 1997;Gianna et al 1997). Heave LVOR latency of 45-50 ms was reported in a more recent study by the same investigators in subjects aged 26-50 years (Gianna et al 2000).…”

Section: Possible Basis For Variation Of Lvor Latencymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Dynamics and kinematics of the LVOR have been studied in detail in monkeys (Paige 1989;Schwarz et al 1989;Paige and Tomko 1991;Schwarz and Miles 1991;Telford et al 1996;Angelaki et al 2000a;McHenry and Angelaki 2000). The human heave LVOR is strongly dependent on context, particularly the target viewed or imagined (Baloh et al 1988;Skipper and Barnes 1989;Bronstein et al 1991;Oas et al 1992;Gianna et al 1997;Telford et al 1997;Paige et al 1998), and exhibits high pass dynamics with a cutoff frequency of ~1 Hz (Paige et al 1998). The surge LVOR has been studied in monkeys for steady-state motion, and exhibited geometrically appropriate dependencies on target location (McHenry and Angelaki 2000;Paige and Tomko 1991;Seidman et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex to surge translation

2006

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Transient whole-body surge (fore-aft) translation at 0.5 G peak acceleration was administered to six subjects with unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD), and eight age-matched controls. Subjects viewed eccentric targets to determine if linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) asymmetry might lateralize otolith deficits. Eye rotation was measured using magnetic search coils. Immediately before surge, subjects viewed a luminous target 50 cm away, centered or displaced 10° horizontally or vertically. The target was extinguished during randomly directed surges. LVOR gain relative to ideal velocity in subjects with UVD for the contralesional horizontally eccentric target (0.59 ± 0.08, mean ± SEM) did not differ significantly from normal (0.50 ± 0.04), but gain for the ipsilesional eccentric target (0.35 ± 0.02) was significantly less than normal (0.48 ± 0.03, P < 0.05). Normal subjects had mean gain asymmetry for horizontally eccentric targets of 0.17 ± 0.03, but asymmetry in UVD was significantly increased to 0.35 ± 0.05 (P < 0.05). Four of six subjects with UVD had maximum gain asymmetry outside normal 95% confidence limits. Asymmetry did not correlate with UVD duration. Gain for 10° vertically eccentric targets averaged 0.38 ± 0.14 for subjects with UVD, insignificantly lower than the normal value of 0.75 ± 0.15 (P > 0.05). Surge LVOR latency was symmetrical in UVD, and did not differ significantly from normal. There was no significant difference in response between dark and visible target conditions until 200 ms after surge onset. Chronic human UVD, on average, significantly impairs the surge LVOR for horizontally eccentric targets placed ipsilesionally, but this asymmetry is small relative to interindividual variation.

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Section: Possible Basis For Variation Of Lvor Latencymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex to surge translation

2006

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“…FL/VPF Purkinje cells have been reported to change their firing rates at short latency in response to translation (Snyder and King 1996), and patients with FL/VPFL lesions have large deficits in the TVOR (Baloh et al 1995;Crane et al 2000). Given the strongly interconnected and distributed nature of these signals, not to mention the bilateral nature of the premotor circuitry (Galiana and Outerbridge 1984;Green 2000), the task of unmasking these computations remains challenging. …”

Section: Role Of Different Cell Types For the Generation Of Compensatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 not only during lateral and fore-aft motions (Angelaki and Hess 2001;Angelaki and McHenry 1999;Busettini et al 1994;Gianna et al 1997;Hess and Angelaki 2003;McHenry and Angelaki 2000;Paige and Tomko 1991;Schwarz and Miles 1991;Schwarz et al 1989;Telford et al 1997), but also along any heading direction (Angelaki and Hess 2001;Hess and Angelaki 2003). In monkeys, the TVOR does not use sensory or "higher level" estimates of target distance (Wei et al 2003), nor does it depend on factors like spatial attention or an upcoming eye movement (Wei and Angelaki 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of the Dependence of Compensatory Eye Movements During Translation on Target Distance and Eccentricity

Hui

Angelaki²

2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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To stabilize objects of interest on the fovea during translation, vestibular-driven compensatory eye movements [translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (TVOR)] must scale with both target distance and eccentricity. To identify the neural correlates of these properties, we recorded from different groups of eye movement–sensitive neurons in the prepositus hypoglossi and vestibular nuclei of macaque monkeys during lateral and fore-aft displacements. All neuron types exhibited some increase in modulation amplitude as a function of target distance during high-frequency (4 Hz) lateral motion in darkness, with slopes that were correlated with the cell's pursuit gain, but not eye position sensitivity. Vergence angle dependence was largest for burst-tonic (BT) and contralateral eye-head (EH) neurons and smallest for ipsilateral EH and position-vestibular-pause (PVP) cells. On the other hand, the EH and PVP neurons with ipsilateral eye movement preferences exhibited the largest vergence-independent responses, which would be inappropriate to drive the TVOR. In addition to target distance, the TVOR also scales with target eccentricity, as evidenced during fore-aft motion, where eye velocity amplitude exhibits a “V-shaped ” dependence and phase shifts 180° for right versus left eye positions. Both the modulation amplitude and phase of BT and contralateral EH cells scaled with eye position, similar to the evoked eye movements during fore-aft motion. In contrast, the response modulation of ipsilateral EH and PVP cells during fore-aft motion was characterized by neither the V-shaped scaling nor the phase reversal. These results show that distinct premotor cell types carry neural signals that are appropriately scaled by vergence angle and eye position to generate the geometrically appropriate compensatory eye movements in the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex.

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“…The ability of the brain to adaptively enhance or suppress the response of the tVOR was investigated by Gianna et al (1997) using large-field visible targets (space-and head-fixed) and transient accelerations (0.17 and 0.08 g). They found that the response to head-fixed targets differed from space-fixed targets within times that were only slightly longer than the latency of the response itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaural Translational VOR: Suppression, Enhancement, and Cognitive Control

Ramat

Straumann

Zee³

2005

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Ramat, Stefano, Dominik Straumann, and David S. Zee. Interaural translational VOR: suppression, enhancement, and cognitive control. J Neurophysiol 94: 2391-2402, 2005. First published May 18, 2005 doi:10.1152/jn.01328.2004. We investigated the influence of cognitive factors on the early response of the interaural translational vestibuloocular reflex (tVOR) in six normal subjects. Variables were prior knowledge of direction of head motion and the position of the fixation target relative to the head [head-fixed (HF) or space-fixed (SF)]. A manually driven device provided a step-like head translation (ϳ35 mm distance, peak acceleration, 0.6 -1.3 g). Subjects looked at the SF or HF target located 15 cm in front of their heads in otherwise complete darkness. The testing paradigms were: random interleaving of SF and HF targets with unknown direction of head movement, known target location with random head direction (SFR or HFR), and known target location with known head direction (SFP or HFP). Timing was always unpredictable. A "gain" of the slow phase was calculated with respect to ideal performance (maintained fixation of the SF target, recorded/ideal eye velocity computed at time of peak head velocity). At such times, there were no significant differences in gain between HF and SF trials in the random condition; the average gain was ϳ36% of ideal. On the other hand, responses in the SFR and HFR conditions differed as early as 20 ms after the head began moving. Average gain was higher (0.43 Ϯ 0.11 vs. 0.34 Ϯ 0.14; means Ϯ SD, P Ͻ 0.05) for each subject in the SFR than the HFR condition. For SFP and HFP, the responses differed from the onset of head motion. Average slow-phase gain was higher (0.49 Ϯ 0.12 vs. 0.31 Ϯ 0.12, P Ͻ 0.02) for each subject in SFP than in HFP. The timing of corrective saccades during the tVOR was also influenced by cognitive factors. Visual error signals seemed to be more important for triggering saccades in HF trials, whereas preprogramming, probably based on labyrinthine information, seemed to be more important in SF trials. Simulations showed that the changes in slow-phase gain with cognition could be reproduced with simple parametric adjustments of the gain of activity from otolith afferents and suggest that higher-level cognitive control of the VOR could occur as early as the synapse of peripheral afferents on neurons in the vestibular nuclei, either directly from higher level centers or via the cerebellum. In sum, the tVOR-both in its slow-phase response and the saccadic corrections-is subject to "higher-level" cognitive influences including knowledge of where the line of sight must point during head motion and the impending direction of head motion.

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Eye movements induced by lateral acceleration steps Effect of visual context and acceleration levels

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex to surge translation

Effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the initial human vestibulo-ocular reflex to surge translation

Neural Correlates of the Dependence of Compensatory Eye Movements During Translation on Target Distance and Eccentricity

Interaural Translational VOR: Suppression, Enhancement, and Cognitive Control

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