Eye movements induced by electric stimulation of the cerebellum in the alert cat

Cohen, Bernard; Goto, Kazuyoshi; Shanzer, Stefan; Weiss, Arthur H.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(65)90105-6

Cited by 122 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This figure agrees well with the 5-8 msec delay obtained by stretching the rat quadriceps femoris (Dow & Anderson, 1942). Cohen et al (1965) have found a lateral rectus muscle potential with a latency of 5.5 msec upon stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei. Hence, the over-all delay from receptor back to extrafusal fibre would be less than 10 msec, a figure close to the values suggested by Vossius (1960).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…In the decerebrate cat, Hampson et al (1952) found conjugate ipsilateral eye movements when stimulating the tuber vermis and lobus simplex. When stimulating cervically transected cats, Cohen et al (1965) found ipsilateral horizontal eye movements from the mid line vermis of lobule VII and mostly upward movements from the mid line of lobules VI and V. In chloralosan treated cats, Snider & Stowell (1944) described Fig. 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It has long been known from stimulation and ablation studies (Hampson, Harrison & Woolsey, 1952;Dow & Manni, 1964;Cohen, Goto, Shanzer & Weiss, 1965) that the cerebellum is concerned with eye movements. Recently, in patients with cerebellar atrophy, one of us (Kornhuber, 1968) has found a selective disturbance of saccadic eye movements characterized by an inability to execute large saccades and occasional increase in saccadic duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraocular muscle afferents to the cerebellum of the cat

Fuchs¹,

Kornhuber²

1969

The Journal of Physiology

154

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SUMMARY1. Afferents from the extraocular muscles to the cerebellum of the cat were investigated by evoked potential techniques using muscle stretch as a stimulus.2. Short (about 4 msec) latency responses occurred in the vermian folia anterior (Larsell's lobule Vb, c) and posterior (lobules VI and VII) to the primary fissure under light Nembutal anaesthesia.3. The location of the cerebellar eye muscle responses coincides with the visual and auditory projections as well as homologous projections from cortical Areas 8 (the frontal eye fields) and 17 in the monkey. It also overlaps the oculomotor area of the cerebellum as revealed by electrical stimulation.4. Facts 2 and 3 above, together with the selective disturbance of saccadic eye movements in humans with cerebellar atrophy, suggest a cerebellum mediated proprioceptive feed-back loop for the control of saccadic eye movements.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraocular muscle afferents to the cerebellum of the cat

Fuchs¹,

Kornhuber²

1969

The Journal of Physiology

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Downwards rotatory eye movements occur with the activation of the lateral regions of nodulus and uvula, and the activation of nucleus dentatus leads to upwards rotatory eye movements. It was established that eye movements are topographically arranged in cerebellum and that they have neural organization (Cohen et al, 2004).A significant increase was observed in the response of Purkinje cells contrary to the rate of turn of the eyes and the head following motor learning. Vertical Purkinje cells demonstrate sensitivity to eye movements.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cerebellar Volume Between Subjects with Bilateral Congenital Blindness and Healthy Individuals

2013

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SUMMARY: Cerebellum regulates motor control and physical coordination. It is known that when eye and hand need to be worked in combination, cerebellum is active and it provides coordination between eye and hand. Cerebellar cortex atrophy appears with dismetry and saccadic eye movement. If there is no stimulant related to vision, how cerebellum is adopted under this circumstance? In order to explore this, 27 male and 16 female volunteers with bilateral congenital blindness were compared with 35 male and 33 female healthy volunteers in this study. MR images of cross-sectional sequential cerebellum of volunteers with 1.5 mm thickness were realized in coronal plane. The surface area of apparent cerebellum seen in cross-sections was calculated by using Onis (Ver. 2.1) programme. Surface area data obtained by systematic randomized sampling were converted to volume by Cavalieri method. Cerebellar volume of bilateral congenital blind male was 128.15 ± 11.11 cm 3 , and cerebellar volume of bilateral congenital blind female was 118.60 ±10.73 cm 3. Cerebellar volume for healthy men and women were 132.89 ± 12.51 cm 3 and 125.97 ± 10.78 cm 3 , respectively. It was revealed that cerebellar volume for bilateral congenital blind men was smaller than that of healthy men, but this difference was not significant. On the other hand cerebellar volume of bilateral congenital blind women was significantly smaller than that of healthy women (p<0.05). No asymmetry was detected between right and left side of cerebellum in both bilateral congenital blind and healthy subjects. 240alcohol use and cerebellar volume of healthy individuals have all been studied previously (Hutchinson et al.;Keller et al., 2003;Laycock et al., 2008;Hill et al., 2007;Göçmen-Mas et al., 2009). In blind individuals, visual cortex and plasticity have also been studied profusely (Burton, 2003;Lambert et al., 2004). However, cerebellar volume has not been a subject of research in people with bilateralcongenital blindness. How does the cerebellum adapt itself to the absence of visual stimulants? Our study will shed light on this issue. MATERIAL AND METHODIncluded in the study were 27 males (average age 39±12) and 16 females (average age 32±10) with bilateral congenital blindness. In order to make a comparison with healthy individuals, 35 males (average age 43±14) and 33 females (average age 37±9) were also included in the study. Following an approval from the ethics committee of Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, consecutive images were obtained in coronal direction with 1.5 mm section thickness from the volunteers by using the 1.5 Tesla Magneton Symphony model MR device made in Germany, at the Department of Radiology in our hospital (Levitt et al., 1999). Images were saved in Dicom format. Images were then viewed by using the Onis (Ver. 2.1) software. All the sections showing cerebellum from anterior towards posterior were observed. Following a windowing procedure that would distinguish cerebellum from peripheral tissues, the same software was used t...

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