Eye movements in interception with delayed visual feedback

Cámara, Clara; Malla, Cristina de la; López‐Moliner, Joan; Brenner, Eli

doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5257-8

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…When participants could freely move their eyes, we observed that gaze was consistently oriented toward the target, not the cursor, as was observed previously when participants used a straightforward hand-cursor mapping (Danion and Flanagan 2018) or even a delayed hand-cursor mapping (Cámara et al 2018). This observation contrasts markedly with the changes in gaze behavior observed during the adaptation of hand reaching movements (Rentsch and Rand 2014).…”

Section: Free Gaze Behavior During Visuomotor Adaptationsupporting

confidence: 73%

Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation

Gouirand

Mathew

Brenner

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Gouirand N, Mathew J, Brenner E, Danion FR. Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation. Adapting hand movements to changes in our body or the environment is essential for skilled motor behavior. Although eye movements are known to assist hand movement control, how eye movements might contribute to the adaptation of hand movements remains largely unexplored. To determine to what extent eye movements contribute to visuomotor adaptation of hand tracking, participants were asked to track a visual target that followed an unpredictable trajectory with a cursor using a joystick. During blocks of trials, participants were either allowed to look wherever they liked or required to fixate a cross at the center of the screen. Eye movements were tracked to ensure gaze fixation as well as to examine free gaze behavior. The cursor initially responded normally to the joystick, but after several trials, the direction in which it responded was rotated by 90°. Although fixating the eyes had a detrimental influence on hand tracking performance, participants exhibited a rather similar time course of adaptation to rotated visual feedback in the gaze-fixed and gaze-free conditions. More importantly, there was extensive transfer of adaptation between the gazefixed and gaze-free conditions. We conclude that although eye movements are relevant for the online control of hand tracking, they do not play an important role in the visuomotor adaptation of such tracking. These results suggest that participants do not adapt by changing the mapping between eye and hand movements, but rather by changing the mapping between hand movements and the cursor's motion independently of eye movements.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Eye movements assist hand movements in everyday activities, but their contribution to visuomotor adaptation remains largely unknown. We compared adaptation of hand tracking under free gaze and fixed gaze. Although our results confirm that following the target with the eyes increases the accuracy of hand movements, they unexpectedly demonstrate that gaze fixation does not hinder adaptation. These results suggest that eye movements have distinct contributions for online control and visuomotor adaptation of hand movements.

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Section: Free Gaze Behavior During Visuomotor Adaptationsupporting

confidence: 73%

Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation

Gouirand

Mathew

Brenner

et al. 2019

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The second contrast compared NV vs NV2 also for the two electrodes, expecting no differences. Figure 1C and some previous studies [5,31] showed that participants' behaviour in the post-adaptation condition goes back to the same level observed in the pre-adaptation condition. As expected, the difference between NV and NV2 was not significant for both sites of coherence: (C3: diff=-0.008, t=-0.403, p=1.0; C4: diff=0.005, t=0.258, p=1.0).…”

Section: Figure 4 Neural Coherence For Both Groups Of Participants Dsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…In order to see whether participants relied on visual feedback of the cursor to try to intercept the target we looked at the temporal errors between the hand and the target at the moment the hand crossed the target's path [5,21,31]. The temporal error then is defined as the time difference between when the center of the target and when the hand cross the point at which the hand crosses the target's path ( Figure 1B).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coherence values between C3 and O1/2 (Figure 2), which are associated with the activity of contralateral (left) motor area and visual area, respectively, are low before the hand movement onset (vertical black line, time = 0 ms) in all conditions. In the interval between the stimulus onset and the hand RT, the coherence between both areas increased mainly in beta (16-25 Hz) and gamma (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) Hz) bands, which may reflect motor commands setting a proper context for network communication (e.g. increments in beta band activity during tonic muscle contractions and in gamma band due to changes in motor output; see review [40]).…”

Section: Behaviouralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Synchronized oscillations influencing motor cortex from primary somatosensory and inferior posterior parietal cortices have also been shown in monkeys during motor maintenance behaviour [16]. On the other hand, low gamma (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) Hz) event related synchronization has been reported to start after onset of motor responses in humans, simultaneously to a desynchronization in the alpha band [17]. Time-sensitive communication between different areas that are relevant to solve a certain task (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Visuomotor temporal adaptation is tuned to gamma brain oscillatory coherence

Cámara¹,

Malla²,

Marco-Pallarés

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ABSTRACTEvery time we use our smartphone, tablet, or other electronic devices we are exposed to temporal delays between our actions and the sensory feedback. We can compensate for such delays by adjusting our motor commands and doing so likely requires establishing new temporal mappings between motor areas and sensory predictions. However, little is known about the neural underpinnings that would support building new temporal correspondences between different brain areas. We here address the possibility that communication through coherence, which is thought to support neural interareal communication, lies behind the neural processes accounting for how humans cope with additional delays between motor and sensory areas. We recorded EEG activity while participants intercepted moving targets while seeing a cursor that followed their hand with a delay rather than their own hand. Participants adjusted their movements to the delayed visual feedback and intercepted the target with the cursor. The EEG data shows a significant increase in coherence of beta and gamma bands between visual and motor areas during the hand on-going movement towards interception. However, when looking at differences between participants depending on the level of adaptation, only the increase in gamma band correlated with the level of temporal adaptation. We are able to describe the time course of the coherence using coupled oscillators showing that the times at which high coherence is achieved are within useful ranges to solve the task. Altogether, these results evidence the functional relevance of brain coherence in a complex task where adapting to new delays is crucial.AUTHOR SUMMARYHumans are often exposed to delays between their actions and the incoming sensory feedback caused by actions. While there have been advances in the understanding of the conditions at which temporal adaptation can occur, little is known about the neural mechanisms enabling temporal adaptation. In the present study we measure brain activity (EEG) to investigate whether communication through coherence between motor and sensory areas might be responsible for one’s ability to cope with externally imposed delays in an interception task. We show evidence that neural coherence at gamma band between visual and motor areas is related to the degree of adaptation to temporal delays.

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Adaptation to visual feedback delays on touchscreens with hand vision

et al. 2018

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Direct touch finger interaction on a smartphone or a tablet is now ubiquitous. However, the latency inherent in digital computation produces an average feedback delay of ~ 75 ms between the action of the hand and its visible effect on digital content. This delay has been shown to affect users' performance, but it is unclear whether users adapt to this delay and whether it influences skill learning. Previous work studied adaptation to feedback delays but only for longer delays, with hidden hand or indirect devices. This paper addresses adaptation to touchscreen delay in two empirical studies involving the tracking of a target moving along an elliptical path. Participants were trained for the task either at the minimal delay the system allows (~ 9 ms) or at a longer delay equivalent to commercialized touch devices latencies (75 ms). After 10 training sessions over a minimum of 2 weeks (Experiment 1), participants adapt to the delay. They also display long-term retention 7 weeks after the last training session. This adaptation generalizes to a similar tracking path (e.g., infinity symbol). We also observed generalization of learning from the longer delay to the minimal-delay condition (Experiment 2). The delay thus does not prevent the learning of tracking skill, which suggests that delay adaptation and tracking skill could be two separate components of learning.

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Eye movements in interception with delayed visual feedback

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation

Eye movements do not play an important role in the adaptation of hand tracking to a visuomotor rotation

Visuomotor temporal adaptation is tuned to gamma brain oscillatory coherence

Adaptation to visual feedback delays on touchscreens with hand vision

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