Eye movements during multiple object tracking: Where do participants look?

Fehd, Hilda M.; Seiffert, Adriane E.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.11.008

Cited by 146 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 Although the dynamics of eye movements during MOT are of interest (e.g., Fehd & Seiffert, 2008;Zelinsky & Neider, 2008), constraints on fixation seem not to affect performance. Pylyshyn and Storm (1988) eliminated trials on which subjects made eye movements, and they obtained results that were qualitatively identical to those of other studies that employed no special constraints or instructions concerning fixation (e.g., Intriligator & Cavanagh, 2001;Scholl et al, 2001;Scholl & Pylyshyn, 1999;Yantis, 1992).…”

Section: Procedures and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple proximity heuristic allows tracking of multiple objects through occlusion

Franconeri¹,

Pylyshyn

Scholl

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Moving objects in the world present a challenge to the visual system, in that they often move in and out of view as they are occluded by other surfaces. Nevertheless, the ability to track multiple objects through periods of occlusion is surprisingly robust. Here, we identify a simple heuristic that underlies this ability: Pre-and postocclusion views of objects are linked together solely by their spatial proximity. Tracking through occlusion was always improved when the postocclusion instances reappeared closer to the preocclusion views. Strikingly, this was true even when objects' previous trajectories predicted different reappearance locations and when objects reappeared "too close," from invisible "slits" in empty space, rather than from more distant occluder contours. Tracking through occlusion appears to rely only on spatial proximity, and not on encoding heading information, likely reappearance locations, or the visible structure of occluders.

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Section: Procedures and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple proximity heuristic allows tracking of multiple objects through occlusion

Franconeri¹,

Pylyshyn

Scholl

2012

Atten Percept Psychophys

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show abstract

“…Eye movements in MOT have only recently attracted interest (Tanner et al 2007;Fehd and Seiffert 2008;Zelinsky and Neider 2008). The original task was designed to investigate the distribution of covert attention with eye movements constrained by a fixation cross ), while we looked at how free eye movements might optimize the tracking.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian models of eye movement selection with retinotopic maps

et al. 2009

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Among the various possible criteria guiding eye movement selection, we investigate the role of position uncertainty in the peripheral visual field. In particular, we suggest that, in everyday life situations of object tracking, eye movement selection probably includes a principle of reduction of uncertainty. To evaluate this hypothesis, we confront the movement predictions of computational models with human results from a psychophysical task. This task is a freely moving eye version of the multiple object tracking task, where the eye movements may be used to compensate for low peripheral resolution. We design several Bayesian models of eye movement selection with increasing complexity, whose layered structures are inspired by the neurobiology of the brain areas implied in this process. Finally, we compare the relative performances of these models with regard to the prediction of the recorded human movements, and show the advantage of F. Colas (B) · F. Flacher · B. Girard

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“…However, it is often necessary to pursue the motion of more than one object when interacting within our surroundings (e.g., Gould et al 2013). While this can be achieved for the purpose of spatial updating and subsequent object identification with the eyes held stationary (Pylyshyn & Storm 1988), the typical response is to pursue the objects of interest (or their centroid) such that they are kept close to the fovea (Fehd & Seiffert 2008;. Simultaneously tracking more than one object therefore involves a sharing of attentional resource between the overt gaze location and covert location of the other object and distractors; for differences in cortical activation between overt and covert pursuit see Ohlendorf et al (2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal estimation with two moving objects: overt and covert pursuit

2014

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The current study examined temporal estimation in a prediction motion task where participants were cued to overtly pursue one of two moving objects, which could either arrive first (i.e., shortest TTC) or second (i.e., longest TTC) after a period of occlusion. Participants were instructed to estimate TTC of the first-arriving object only, thus making it necessary to overtly pursue the cued object while at the same time covertly pursuing the other (non-cued) object. A control (baseline) condition was also included in which participants had to estimate TTC of a single, overtly pursued object. Results showed that participants were able to estimate the arrival order of the two objects with very high accuracy irrespective of whether they had overtly or covertly pursued the first-arriving object. However, compared to the single-object baseline, participants' temporal estimation of the covert object was impaired when it arrived 500 ms before the overtly pursued object. In terms of eye movements, participants exhibited significantly more switches in gaze location during occlusion from the cued to the non-cued object but only when the latter arrived first. Still, comparison of trials with and without a switch in gaze location when the non-cued object arrived first indicated no advantage for temporal estimation. Taken together, our results indicate that overt pursuit is sufficient but not necessary for accurate temporal estimation. Covert pursuit can enable representation of a moving object's trajectory and thereby accurate temporal estimation providing the object moves close to the overt attentional focus.

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Eye movements during multiple object tracking: Where do participants look?

Cited by 146 publications

References 18 publications

A simple proximity heuristic allows tracking of multiple objects through occlusion

A simple proximity heuristic allows tracking of multiple objects through occlusion

Bayesian models of eye movement selection with retinotopic maps

Temporal estimation with two moving objects: overt and covert pursuit

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