Eye movements and reading in glaucoma: observations on patients with advanced visual field loss

Burton, Robyn; Smith, Nicholas D.; Crabb, David P.

doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2752-x

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…60 Furthermore, a thinning of the RGC axons has also been observed in a number of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. 22,61 The reduced saccadic velocity and increased antisaccade errors associated to a deficit in reflexive saccade suppression we report in POAG patients, also represent hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, progressive supranuclear palsy, or even Huntington's disease. [62][63][64] Such coherence in early eye movement symptoms between early POAG and neurodegenerative diseases, although inconclusive, deserves further attention to elucidate mechanisms associating glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: 98mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…20 In addition to protocol differences, discrepancies between these studies could arise from dissimilarities in visual field loss/sensitivity between patients, 21 as well as unpredictable adaptive oculomotor behaviors to compensate for visual field loss. [22][23][24] Compensatory oculomotor behavior, however, may not be the sole mechanism contributing to aberrant eye movements in POAG, as excessive saccades have also been reported when visual targets were displayed into unaffected visual field areas in POAG patients. 25 Furthermore, preliminary findings by Lamirel and colleagues, 25 suggest that saccadic eye movements can be altered at very early stages of POAG, with no detectable visual field deficit.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Disrupted Eye Movements in Preperimetric Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Najjar

Sharma

Drouet

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) can be associated with abnormal ocular motor behavior, possibly as a compensatory strategy following visual field loss. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of saccadic eye movements in patients with early-stage POAG without any detectable glaucomatous visual field loss (i.e., preperimetric POAG).METHODS. Binocular eye movements were explored in 16 patients with bilateral preperimetric POAG and 16 age-matched healthy controls in a cross-sectional, observational study. Visually guided horizontal prosaccades (58, 108, 158, and 208 amplitude) and antisaccades (128 amplitude) were measured using infrared oculography. The latency, average and peak velocities, amplitude and gain of prosaccades as well as the percentage of errors in the antisaccades task were compared between groups.RESULTS. POAG patients exhibited a reduced average velocity of saccades compared to controls across all amplitudes of peripheral visual target presentation (P ¼ 0.03). Saccades performed by POAG patients were hypometric, and with reduced amplitude (P ¼ 0.007) and gain (P ¼ 0.01) compared to controls. On average, POAG patients displayed more antisaccade errors (40.6%), as compared to controls (23.4%; P ¼ 0.04).CONCLUSIONS. Here, we show that patients with POAG without detectable glaucomatous visual field loss exhibit altered saccadic eye movements. These abnormalities may indicate disordered cortical and subcortical saccadic regulation, either on the basis of subthreshold visual impairment, or as a result of wider disease-associated neurodegeneration. Additional studies, controlling for glaucoma medications, are required to delineate the neural basis of eye movement abnormalities associated with POAG.

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Section: 98mentioning

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted Eye Movements in Preperimetric Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Najjar

Sharma

Drouet

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Burton et al [24] have previously reported that some patients with advanced VF defects read slower than controls. They used short text passages and eye tracking, but no significant differences in sentence reading speed was observed between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smith et al [23] compared reading performance in the better and worse eyes, defined by laterality of VF defects in patients with glaucoma. Burton et al [24] have examined differences in reading performance with both eyes between healthy subjects and patients with advanced glaucoma. They have also investigated the relationship between reading speed [25] and integrated visual field (IVF) in patients by taking the best sensitivity values from corresponding VF locations from both eyes [29, 30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Silent Reading Performance with an Eye Tracking System in Patients with Glaucoma

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between silent reading performance and visual field defects in patients with glaucoma using an eye tracking system.MethodsFifty glaucoma patients (Group G; mean age, 52.2 years, standard deviation: 11.4 years) and 20 normal controls (Group N; mean age, 46.9 years; standard deviation: 17.2 years) were included in the study. All participants in Group G had early to advanced glaucomatous visual field defects but better than 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes. Participants silently read Japanese articles written horizontally while the eye tracking system monitored and calculated reading duration per 100 characters, number of fixations per 100 characters, and mean fixation duration, which were compared with mean deviation and visual field index values from Humphrey visual field testing (24–2 and 10–2 Swedish interactive threshold algorithm standard) of the right versus left eye and the better versus worse eye.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between Groups G and N in mean fixation duration (G, 233.4 msec; N, 215.7 msec; P = 0.010). Within Group G, significant correlations were observed between reading duration and 24–2 right mean deviation (rs = -0.280, P = 0.049), 24–2 right visual field index (rs = -0.306, P = 0.030), 24–2 worse visual field index (rs = -0.304, P = 0.032), and 10–2 worse mean deviation (rs = -0.326, P = 0.025). Significant correlations were observed between mean fixation duration and 10–2 left mean deviation (rs = -0.294, P = 0.045) and 10–2 worse mean deviation (rs = -0.306, P = 0.037), respectively.ConclusionsThe severity of visual field defects may influence some aspects of reading performance. At least concerning silent reading, the visual field of the worse eye is an essential element of smoothness of reading.

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“…39 It is fair to say, however, that many patients with advanced visual field loss, even with preserved visual acuity, have measurable difficulty with reading. 40 Patients with advanced visual field loss also have problems with mobility tasks, such as reaching and grasping objects. 41 Walking and balance is affected by glaucomatous visual field loss.…”

Section: Aspects Of Visual Disability In Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

A view on glaucoma—are we seeing it clearly?

Crabb

2015

Eye

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Successful clinical management of glaucoma should not simply be about control of intraocular pressure, but must equate to correct decisions about intensifying treatment when patients are at risk of developing 'visual disability'. Yet little is known about what visual field defects, at different stages of glaucoma, specifically affect patients' abilities to perform everyday visual tasks. One way to do this is to measure patient performance in tasks in a lab setting. Another way is to ask patients themselves. The latter can be revealing and demystify views about how patients perceive the world. This short commentary highlights some of the current research in this area.

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Eye movements and reading in glaucoma: observations on patients with advanced visual field loss

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Disrupted Eye Movements in Preperimetric Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Disrupted Eye Movements in Preperimetric Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Evaluating Silent Reading Performance with an Eye Tracking System in Patients with Glaucoma

A view on glaucoma—are we seeing it clearly?

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