Eye-movement analysis demonstrates strategic influences on intelligence

Vigneau, François; Caissie, André F.; Bors, Douglas A.

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2005.11.003

Cited by 117 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Overall, the items in the distractor-free version proved to be more difficult than the items in the versions employing distractors. This finding is very much in line with the position of many authors [2][3][4][5][6][7]9] who differentiate between constructive matching and response elimination and propose that response elimination constitutes a fallback strategy that is used when respondents are unable to solve the items via constructive matching. As it is impossible to employ response elimination in a distractor-free version, respondents are unable to solve the items by response elimination and fail when they are unable to solve the items via constructive matching.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Although Carpenter et al's [1] model provides a good description of the early steps of the solution process, other studies have questioned the last step and have suggested two different strategies that can be applied to select the response [2][3][4][5][6]: (1) Constructive matching is what is described in Carpenter et al 's [1] model and can be regarded as a top-down strategy. Respondents actively try to construct the correct solution for the item by analyzing the rules and applying them to the entire matrix; (2) Response elimination poses an alternative strategy, which consists of comparing the response options with the item stem in order to eliminate as many distractors as possible and choosing one of the remaining ones.…”

Section: Models Of the Solution Process For Figural Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed types were found to be rather unusual. It has been demonstrated that the respondents' choice of solution strategies is influenced by individual differences in general mental ability and working memory capacity [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Respondents with low general mental ability and working memory capacity show a greater tendency to engage in response elimination, whereas respondents with high general mental ability and working memory capacity are more likely to engage in constructive matching.…”

Section: Models Of the Solution Process For Figural Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of studies analyzing verbal reports and eye-tracking data have clearly indicated behavioral differences between respondents who use different strategies [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Respondents employing constructive matching have been found to spend proportionally more time inspecting the item stem before taking into account the response options and tend to toggle less between the item stem and the response options.…”

Section: Differences In Solution Strategy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing Response Elimination Strategies Improves the Convergent Validity of Figural Matrices

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Several studies have shown that figural matrices can be solved with one of two strategies: (1) Constructive matching consisting of cognitively generating an idealized response, which is then compared with the options provided by the response format; or (2) Response elimination consisting of comparing the response format with the item stem in order to eliminate incorrect responses. A recent study demonstrated that employing a response format that reduces response elimination strategies results in higher convergent validity concerning general intelligence. In this study, we used the construction task, which works entirely without distractors because the solution has to be generated in a computerized testing environment. Therefore, response elimination is completely prevented. Our results show that the convergent validity of general intelligence and working memory capacity when using a test employing the construction task is substantially higher than when using tests employing distractors that followed construction strategies used in other studies. Theoretical as well as practical implications of this finding are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Models Of the Solution Process For Figural Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Models Of the Solution Process For Figural Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences In Solution Strategy Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing Response Elimination Strategies Improves the Convergent Validity of Figural Matrices

et al. 2016

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“…Most important, if strategy use accounts for individual differences in retrieval from SM, then we also predict effective strategies will mediate the relationship between span and Gf performance. That is, both span and Gf tasks require individuals to solve novel problems and generate ad hoc strategies, and previous research has identified effective and less effective strategies used on Gf tasks (Carpenter, Just, & Shell, 1990;Mitchum & Kelley, in press;Vigneau, Caissie, & Bors, 2005) and on similar tasks that require adaptive problem solving (Bethell-Fox, Lohman & Snow, 1984). Specifically, an effective strategy is to determine the emerging pattern between items and generate the correct response, whereas a less effective strategy is to scan the response options and individually eliminate the incorrect ones.…”

Section: The Role Of Strategy Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of strategy use to performance on complex and simple span tasks

2010

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Simple and complex span tasks are widely thought to measure related but separable memory constructs. Recently, however, research has demonstrated that simple and complex span tasks may tap, in part, the same construct because both similarly predict performance on measures of fluid intelligence (Gf) when the number of items retrieved from secondary memory (SM) is equated (Unsworth & Engle, Journal of Memory and Language 54:68-80 2006). Two studies (n = 105 and n = 152) evaluated whether retrieval from SM is influenced by individual differences in the use of encoding strategies during span tasks. Results demonstrated that, after equating the number of items retrieved from SM, simple and complex span performance similarly predicted Gf performance, but rates of effective strategy use did not mediate the span-Gf relationships. Moreover, at the level of individual differences, effective strategy use was more highly related to complex span performance than to simple span performance. Thus, even though individual differences in effective strategy use influenced span performance on trials that required retrieval from SM, strategic behavior at encoding cannot account for the similarities between simple and complex span tasks.

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Spatial abilities associated with open math problem solving

Wang

Cao

Zhou

et al. 2022

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Open math problem solving is critical to help students deepen the understanding and promote transfer of mathematics knowledge. However, the cognitive mechanism for open math problem solving, particularly the role of spatial abilities, has not been paid enough attention. This study recruited 192 junior middle school students (14.30 ± 0.48 years old). Results showed that both spatial visualisation (measured by paper folding) and spatial working memory (measured by spatial 2‐back) significantly associated with open math problem solving with controlled variables including age, sex, nonverbal matrix reasoning, and arithmetic principles. Moreover, spatial working memory was more associated with easy open math problem solving, while spatial visualisation more associated with difficult open math problem solving. These findings suggested that as the difficulty of open math problems increased, the construction of problem space mattered more than retaining and updating problem space in open math problem solving.

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Eye-movement analysis demonstrates strategic influences on intelligence

Cited by 117 publications

References 14 publications

Preventing Response Elimination Strategies Improves the Convergent Validity of Figural Matrices

Preventing Response Elimination Strategies Improves the Convergent Validity of Figural Matrices

Contribution of strategy use to performance on complex and simple span tasks

Spatial abilities associated with open math problem solving

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