Eye injury from electrical weapon probes: Mechanisms and treatment

Kroll, Mark W.; Ritter, Mollie B.; Kennedy, Eric A.; Siegal, Nora; Shinder, Roman; Brave, Michael A.; Williams, Howard E.

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.06.004

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…hinteren Rumpfs sowie der Extremitäten sind keine schwerwiegenden Verletzungen oder Verletzungsfolgen zu erwarten [16,17]. Allerdings kann es bei Penetration vulnerabler Körperstellen, wie beispielsweise von Fingern [18], der Geschlechtsregion [19] oder der Augenregion [20], zu schwerwiegenderen und zum Teil auch nachhaltigen Verletzungen kommen. Auch Treffer im Gesicht [21] und am Kopf [22] können bleibende Schäden hervorrufen.…”

Section: Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries • Electricity • Electrophysunclassified

Elektroschockdistanzwaffen Taser® X2 und T7

Kunz

Krys

2020

Notfall Rettungsmed

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Zusammenfassung Die medizinische Beurteilung von Verletzungen und potenzieller todesursächlicher Relevanz einer Stromexposition durch eine Elektroschockdistanzwaffe beschränkt sich nicht allein auf die situativen Gegebenheiten und die morphologische Befunderhebung, sondern beinhaltet auch eine intensive Analyse polizeilicher Ermittlungen und die Auswertung von Zeugenaussagen sowie vorangegangener medizinischer Maßnahmen. Insbesondere bei zeitlich relevanter Nähe zwischen Exposition und Todeseintritt muss die Wirkung der übertragenen Stromimpulse in Zusammenhang mit der meist komplexen Einsatzsituation und der medizinischen Vorgeschichte des Geschädigten beurteilt werden. Ein detailliertes Wissen über die konkrete und auch abstrakte Wirkungsweise, Wirksamkeit und Risiken von Elektroschockdistanzwaffen ist hierfür unabdingbar.

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Section: Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries • Electricity • Electrophysunclassified

Elektroschockdistanzwaffen Taser® X2 und T7

Kunz

Krys

2020

Notfall Rettungsmed

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“…However, human fatalities caused by ESD shock have been reported [Anglen, 2006;Strote and Hutson, 2006;Feldman et al, 2017]. Depending on the anatomic position of the contact points as well as the number of times the ESD was triggered, varied responses have been reported including cardiac arrhythmia, blinding, enucleation, acidosis, and orthopedic injuries [Kroll et al, 2018[Kroll et al, , 2019. Although there are some data on the risks of ESDs, the need to establish a complete safety profile is now essential [Amnesty International, 2004, 2006Casey-Maslen, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromuscular Incapacitation Current Induced Neuromuscular Tissue Injury

Ling

McFaul

Meng

et al. 2020

Bioelectromagnetics

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Electrical stun devices (ESDs) serve a basic role in law enforcement and provide an alternative to lethal options for target control by causing electromuscular incapacitation (EMI). A fundamental concern is the adverse health consequences associated with their use. The capability of EMI electric field pulses to disrupt skeletal muscle cells (i.e. rhabdomyolysis) was investigated over the operational range commonly used in commercial EMI devices. Functional and structural alteration and recovery of muscle and nerve tissue were assessed. In an anesthetized swine model, the left thigh was exposed to 2 min of electrical pulses, using a commercially available ESD or a custom‐made EMI signal power amplifier. Serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), troponin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were monitored intermittently for 6 h post‐EMI exposure. A standard external cardiac defibrillator served as a positive control. Muscle and nerve tissue histology adjacent to the EMI contacts were examined. Post‐EMI shock skeletal muscle function was evaluated by analyzing the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) of the rectus femoris muscle. Maximal energy cardiac defibrillator pulses resulted in rhabdomyolysis and marked elevation of CPK, LDH, and AST 6 h post‐shock. EMI field pulses resulted in the animals developing transient acidosis. CMAP amplitudes decreased approximately 50% after EMI and recovered to near‐normal levels within 6 h. Within 6 h post‐EMI exposure, blood CPK was mildly increased, LDH was normal, and no arrhythmia was observed. Minimal rhabdomyolysis was produced by the EMI pulses. These results suggest that EMI exposure is unlikely to cause extremity rhabdomyolysis in normal individuals. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society

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