Eye-hand coordination assessment using a robotic haptic interface

Rater reliability of the adapted scoring criteria of the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment for children with cerebral palsy

“…On the other hand, researchers interested in understanding handwriting difficulties commonly use a handwriting assessment to discriminate functional and non‐functional writers so that they can explore the performance components contributing to the handwriting difficulties (e.g. Pernalete et al ., 2004). The MHA‐CP with its excellent reliability for all quality categories may allow researchers to use an assessment with low measurement error to study the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions on the handwriting performance of children with cerebral palsy.…”

“…The MHA with its five quality subscales offers researchers an opportunity to examine the relationship between intervention and specific handwriting qualities. For example, Pernalete et al . (2004) found that a handwriting intervention which employed a haptic robotic interface significantly influenced the alignment, size and spacing, but not the legibility and form of children's handwriting.…”

“…The MHA with its five quality subscales offers researchers an opportunity to examine the relationship between intervention and specific handwriting qualities. For example, Pernalete et al (2004) found that a handwriting intervention which employed a haptic robotic interface significantly influenced the alignment, size and spacing, but not the legibility and form of children's handwriting. Future research to gather information across these qualities of handwriting may help therapists to select appropriate intervention methods based on an understanding of the child's abilities on different quality subscales.…”

“…In their review of publications relating to these measures, the authors found the MHA to be a promising tool because it had superior intrarater reliability (Pearson r = 0.93 to 0.99), adequate‐to‐good test–retest reliability ( r = 0.58 to 0.94), and very good‐to‐excellent interrater reliability ( r = 0.87 to 0.98). With respect to the validity of handwriting assessments, clinicians and researchers determined that the MHA could discriminate between good and poor handwriters (Cornhill & Case‐Smith, 1996), and detect changes in printing skills as a result of targeted occupational therapy interventions for children in low socioeconomic settings (Peterson & Nelson, 2003) and due to technology interventions (Pernalete et al ., 2004).…”

Increasing Viscosity and Inertia Using a Robotically Controlled Pen Improves Handwriting in Children

“…A robotic haptic device with increased inertia and viscosity is currently being developed for assessment and therapy of children with developmental coordination disorder 26,27. Pemalete et al (2005) programmed a phantom haptic device, similar to ours, to assist in learning a certain trajectory.…”