Eye Growth in Term- And Preterm-Born Eyes Modeled From Magnetic Resonance Images

Munro, Robert J.; Fulton, Anne B.; Chui, Toco Y. P.; Moskowitz, Anne; Ramamirtham, Ramkumar; Hansen, Ronald M.; Prabhu, Sanjay P.; Akula, James D.

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15980

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The troland value of a stimulus is calculated as the product of pupil area (mm 2 ) and stimulus intensity (cd/m 2 ) (McCulloch and Hamilton, 2010). The infant’s eye size (Lim et al, 2015; Mactier et al, 2008; Munro et al, 2015) and pupil diameter are smaller than in an adult eye (Hansen and Fulton, 1993). However, the ocular media are less dense (Hansen and Fulton, 1989; Werner, 1982) than in the adult eye.…”

Section: Stimulus Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth of the eye ball continues preterm to term to adult; the posterior retina, including the macula, keeps its same overall dimensions while the peripheral retinal area grows and expands enormously. At term, the diameter of the eye is approximately that of a U.S. dime (~16 mm), and in an adult, nearly that of a quarter (~25 mm) (Munro et al, 2015). Some believe that this growing force contributes to the formation of the fovea, perhaps pulling the retina over the vascular ring (Provis et al, 2013; Provis et al, 2000; Springer and Hendrickson, 2004a; Springer and Hendrickson, 2004b, 2005).…”

Section: Central Retina and Cone And Cone-driven Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We developed a model of eye growth and applied it to extant magnetic resonance images obtained from term and preterm born subjects (Munro et al, 2015). To account for the different ages at which our subjects were imaged, we summarized the growth of the intraocular structures by fit of logistic growth curves (Eq.…”

Section: Eye Growth and Refractive Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Hansen

Moskowitz

Akula

et al. 2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a neurovascular disease that affects prematurely born infants and is known to have significant long term effects on vision. We conducted the studies described herein not only to learn more about vision but also about the pathogenesis of ROP. The coincidence of ROP onset and rapid developmental elongation of the rod photoreceptor outer segments motivated us to consider the role of the rods in this disease. We used noninvasive electroretinographic (ERG), psychophysical, and retinal imaging procedures to study the function and structure of the neurosensory retina. Rod photoreceptor and post-receptor responses are significantly altered years after the preterm days during which ROP is an active disease. The alterations include persistent rod dysfunction, and evidence of compensatory remodeling of the post-receptor retina is found in ERG responses to full-field stimuli and in psychophysical thresholds that probe small retinal regions. In the central retina, both Mild and Severe ROP delay maturation of parafoveal scotopic thresholds and are associated with attenuation of cone mediated multifocal ERG responses, significant thickening of post-receptor retinal laminae, and dysmorphic cone photoreceptors. These results have implications for vision and control of eye growth and refractive development and suggest future research directions. These results also lead to a proposal for noninvasive management using light that may add to the currently invasive therapeutic armamentarium against ROP.

show abstract

Section: Stimulus Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Central Retina and Cone And Cone-driven Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Hansen

Moskowitz

Akula

et al. 2017

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These studies have employed electroretinogram (ERG),25 psychophysical,26,27 and retinal imaging procedures 28,29. We have also found significant departures from normal in eye growth30 and refractive development 31,32…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Previously reported data showed that, in ROP subjects with myopia, the magnitude of myopia typically increased with age 31. We are attempting to unravel the mechanisms that underlie refractive development in ROP by analyzing animal models of ROP,67,68 and have developed a human model eye to facilitate studies in infants and children 30…”

Section: Refractive Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal, visual, and refractive development in retinopathy of prematurity

Moskowitz¹,

Hansen²,

Fulton³

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pivotal role of the neurosensory retina in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) disease processes has been amply demonstrated in rat models. We have hypothesized that analogous cellular processes are operative in human ROP and have evaluated these presumptions in a series on non-invasive investigations of the photoreceptor and post-receptor peripheral and central retina in infants and children. Key results are slowed kinetics of phototransduction and deficits in photoreceptor sensitivity that persist years after ROP has completely resolved based on clinical criteria. On the other hand, deficits in post-receptor sensitivity are present in infancy regardless of the severity of the ROP but are not present in older children if the ROP was so mild that it never required treatment and resolved without a clinical trace. Accompanying the persistent deficits in photoreceptor sensitivity, there is increased receptive field size and thickening of the post-receptor retinal laminae in the peripheral retina of ROP subjects. In the late maturing central retina, which mediates visual acuity, attenuation of multifocal electroretinogram activity in the post-receptor retina led us to the discovery of a shallow foveal pit and significant thickening of the post-receptor retinal laminae in the macular region; this is most likely due to failure of the normal centrifugal movement of the post-receptor cells during foveal development. As for refractive development, myopia, at times high, is more common in ROP subjects than in control subjects, in accord with refractive findings in other populations of former preterms. This information about the neurosensory retina enhances understanding of vision in patients with a history of ROP, and taken as a whole, raises the possibility that the neurosensory retina is a target for therapeutic intervention.

show abstract

Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Eye: A Species Comparison

Cruchten

Vrolyk

Lepage

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this review paper, literature data on pre- and postnatal eye development are compared between humans and nonclinical species that are commonly used for human safety assessment, namely, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, minipig, and nonhuman primates. Some new data on rat and minipig ocular development are also included. This compiled information can be helpful for species selection in juvenile toxicity studies or assist in the interpretation of (non)clinical data during pediatric drug development. Despite some differences in developmental windows and anatomical peculiarities, such as the lack of a fovea centralis in nonprimate species or the presence of a nictitating membrane in some nonclinical species, the functioning and development of the eye is strikingly similar between humans and other mammals. As such, all commonly used nonclinical species appear to be relatively good models for human eye development, although some practical constraints such as size may be a limiting factor. Birth Defects Research 109:1540-1567, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Eye Growth in Term- And Preterm-Born Eyes Modeled From Magnetic Resonance Images

Abstract: We produced a model of normal eye growth in term-born subjects. Relative to normal, the ROP eye is characterized by delayed, abnormal growth.

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity

The neural retina in retinopathy of prematurity

Retinal, visual, and refractive development in retinopathy of prematurity

Pre‐ and Postnatal Development of the Eye: A Species Comparison

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About