Eye gaze perception in bipolar disorder: Self‐referential bias but intact perceptual sensitivity

Yao, Beier; Mueller, Savanna A.; Grove, Tyler B.; McLaughlin, Merranda; Thakkar, Katharine N.; Ellingrod, Vicki L.; McInnis, Melvin G.; Taylor, Stephan F.; Deldin, Patricia J.; Tso, Ivy F.

doi:10.1111/bdi.12564

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…MDC is implicated in altered gaze perception bias and accuracy in patients with non-delusional schizophrenia ( 71 ). Self-directed gaze bias is an aspect of social cognition that is similarly impaired in individuals with bipolar disorder ( 72 ), a condition which likewise has been associated with aberrant MDC ( 73 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates

et al. 2018

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Nutritional status influences brain health and gestational exposure to metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity and diabetes) increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of maternal Western-style diet (WSD), metabolic state, and inflammatory factors in the programming of Japanese macaque offspring behavior. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we investigated the relationships between maternal diet, prepregnancy adiposity, third trimester insulin response, and plasma cytokine levels on 11-month-old offspring behavior. Maternal WSD was associated with greater reactive and ritualized anxiety in offspring. Maternal adiposity and third trimester macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) exerted opposing effects on offspring high-energy outbursts. Elevated levels of this behavior were associated with low maternal MDC and increased prepregnancy adiposity. This is the first study to show that maternal MDC levels influence offspring behavior. We found no evidence suggesting maternal peripheral inflammatory response mediated the effect of maternal diet and metabolic state on aberrant offspring behavior. Additionally, the extent of maternal metabolic impairment differentially influenced chemokine response. Elevated prepregnancy adiposity suppressed third trimester chemokines, while obesity-induced insulin resistance augmented peripheral chemokine levels. WSD also directly increased maternal interleukin-12. This is the first non-human primate study to delineate the effects of maternal diet and metabolic state on gestational inflammatory environment and subsequent offspring behavior. Our findings give insight to the complex mechanisms by which diet, metabolic state, and inflammation during pregnancy exert unique influences on offspring behavioral regulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates

et al. 2018

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“…Gaze perception develops early in life and supports higher-level social functioning [3,4]. Its disruption can lead to social dysfunction, evidenced by reports of abnormal eye contact perception in conditions often accompanied by social deficits, including autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) [5], social anxiety [6][7][8], schizophrenia [9][10][11], and bipolar disorder [12]. A relation between gaze processing and the strength of autism, social anxiety, schizotypal traits has also been found in subclinical populations [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eye contact perception mirrors signal detection of sensory stimuli, making it an ideal process to be studied using psychophysics. In fact, psychophysical studies of eye contact perception could be dated back to as early as 1963 [26], with measurement and statistical methods refined in more recent studies [11,12,27]. In a psychophysical eye contact detection task (e.g., [11,12,[26][27][28]), observers view actors depicting a range of gaze angles in gradual increments from "looking at me" to "looking away from me," and must indicate whether or not the person is looking at them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, psychophysical studies of eye contact perception could be dated back to as early as 1963 [26], with measurement and statistical methods refined in more recent studies [11,12,27]. In a psychophysical eye contact detection task (e.g., [11,12,[26][27][28]), observers view actors depicting a range of gaze angles in gradual increments from "looking at me" to "looking away from me," and must indicate whether or not the person is looking at them. Researchers manipulate signal strength through the gaze angles portrayed by actors: when the eye contact signal is strongest, the actor appears to look directly at the viewer; when the signal is weakest, the actor's eyes are turned completely away from the viewer; and most importantly, at 'intermediary gaze angles', when the signal strength is only moderate, it is not always clear to the viewer whether the actor is looking at them or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies of this kind, a psychometric function can be fitted to the eye contact endorsement data. The threshold and slope of the psychometric function can then be used to quantify self-referential tendency and perceptual precision [11,12], whereby threshold reflects the subjective bias in perceiving eye contact (i.e., self-referential tendency) and slope indicates how rapidly perception changes from absence to presence of eye contact detection with respect to signal strengths (i.e., perceptual precision).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing eye contact perception: Measuring perceptual precision and self-referential tendency using an online psychophysical eye contact detection task

et al. 2020

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Eye contact perception-the ability to accurately and efficiently discriminate others' gaze directions-is critical to understanding others and functioning in a complex social world. Previous research shows that it is affected in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders accompanied by social dysfunction, and understanding the cognitive processes giving rise to eye contact perception would help advance mechanistic investigations of psychopathology. This study aims to validate an online, psychophysical eye contact detection task through which two constituent cognitive components of eye contact perception (perceptual precision and selfreferential tendency) can be derived. Data collected from a large online sample showed excellent test-retest reliability for self-referential tendency and moderate reliability for perceptual precision. Convergence validity was supported by correlations with social cognitive measures tapping into different aspects of understanding others. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that perceptual precision and self-referential tendency explained unique variance in social cognition, suggesting that they measure unique aspects of related constructs. Overall, this study provided support for the reliability and validity of the eye contact perception metrics derived using the online Eye Contact Detection Task. The value of the task for future psychopathology research was discussed.

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Research on social attention in autism and the challenges of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework

Mundy

2023

Autism Research

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The fuzzy nature of categories of psychopathology, such as autism, leads to significant research challenges. Alternatively, focusing research on the study of a common set of important and well‐defined psychological constructs across psychiatric conditions may make the fundamental etiological processes of psychopathology easier to discern and treat (Cuthbert, 2022). The development of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework is designed to guide this new research approach (Insel et al., 2010). However, progress in research may be expected to continually refine and reorganize the understanding of the specifics of these mental processes (Cuthbert & Insel, 2013). Moreover, knowledge gleaned from the study of both normative and atypical development can be mutually informative in the evolution of our understanding of these fundamental processes. A case in point is the study of social attention. This Autism 101 commentary provides an educational summary of research over the last few decades indicates that social attention is major construct in the study of human social‐cognitive development, autism and other forms of psychopathology. The commentary also describes how this research can inform the Social Process dimension of the RDoC framework.

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Eye gaze perception in bipolar disorder: Self‐referential bias but intact perceptual sensitivity

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates

Maternal Diet, Metabolic State, and Inflammatory Response Exert Unique and Long-Lasting Influences on Offspring Behavior in Non-Human Primates

Deconstructing eye contact perception: Measuring perceptual precision and self-referential tendency using an online psychophysical eye contact detection task

Research on social attention in autism and the challenges of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework

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