Eye-Gaze Activity in Crowds: Impact of Virtual Reality and Density

Berton, Florian; Hoyet, Ludovic; Olivier, Anne-Hélène; Bruneau, Julien; Meur, Olivier Le; Pettré, Julien

doi:10.1109/vr46266.2020.1581264804299

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In fact, during the experiment we saw different techniques: communication through eye contact or asking verbally, but also shoving the waiting person aside. Recent virtual reality experiments that track eye-gaze in dense crowds underline pedestrians’ focus on the closest vicinity for interactions [ 44 ]. This supports our hypothesis that collaboration with the next neighbours enables pedestrians to navigate through a dense crowd.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent-based simulation of collective cooperation: from experiment to model

Kleinmeier

Köster

Drury

2020

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Simulation models of pedestrian dynamics have become an invaluable tool for evacuation planning. Typically, crowds are assumed to stream unidirectionally towards a safe area. Simulated agents avoid collisions through mechanisms that belong to each individual, such as being repelled from each other by imaginary forces. But classic locomotion models fail when collective cooperation is called for, notably when an agent, say a first-aid attendant, needs to forge a path through a densely packed group. We present a controlled experiment to observe what happens when humans pass through a dense static crowd. We formulate and test hypotheses on salient phenomena. We discuss our observations in a psychological framework. We derive a model that incorporates: agents’ perception and cognitive processing of a situation that needs cooperation; selection from a portfolio of behaviours, such as being cooperative; and a suitable action, such as swapping places. Agents’ ability to successfully get through a dense crowd emerges as an effect of the psychological model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agent-based simulation of collective cooperation: from experiment to model

Kleinmeier

Köster

Drury

2020

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Thus far, researchers have examined human movement behaviors in either real or virtual environments or both 13‐16 . Virtual environments can evoke responses similar to those occurring in the physical world, 17‐19 and understanding the influence of virtual crowds on the manner by which humans conduct themselves can be beneficial in the development of more immersive applications in the future 5 .…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, researchers have examined human movement behaviors in either real or virtual environments or both. [13][14][15][16] Virtual environments can evoke responses similar to those occurring in the physical world, [17][18][19] and understanding the influence of virtual crowds on the manner by which humans conduct themselves can be beneficial in the development of more immersive applications in the future. 5 Furthermore, virtual environments are safe for participants and advantageous to simulations of the same condition for each participant in a controlled laboratory environment.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human‐virtual crowd interaction: Towards understanding the effects of crowd avoidance proximity in an immersive virtual environment

Trivedi,

Mousas

2023

Computer Animation & Virtual

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Summary This paper focuses on understanding how study participants interact and perceive a virtual crowd in an immersive virtual environment. Specifically, our within‐group exploratory study investigated how avoidance proximity variations (i.e., low, medium, and high avoidance proximity [defined as avoidance radius]) assigned to crowd agents impacted participants' interaction with the virtual crowd. During the study, we instructed our participants to walk in a virtual environment. At the same time, we had a virtual crowd scripted to walk toward the start position of the participant following a straight path. During the participants' walking task, we collected movement data (i.e., trajectory length and completion time) and immediately after each experimental condition, we asked participants to self‐report their experience (i.e., co‐presence, behavioral independence, crowd realism, crowd interaction realism, perceived politeness, and emotional reactivity). Based on the collected data, we found that when we exposed our participants to the high avoidance proximity condition, they: (1) followed longer paths, (2) spent more time reaching the target goal, (3) rated the virtual crowd less polite, (4) rated the virtual crowd and their interaction with the virtual crowd less realistic, (5) rated the behavior independence of the virtual crowd lower, and (6) self‐reported higher emotional reactivity. We discuss our findings and suggestions for further research on human‐virtual crowd interaction.

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“…Nevertheless, VR opens large perspectives in the design of new experiments for understanding pedestrian behaviours. For examples, having only one participant at the same time, researchers were able to evaluate the effect of specific factors such as emotions of the crowd on participant behaviours and proxemics [7], [23], [49] or the effect of density on gaze behaviour [3], user experience [19] as well as navigation strategies when facing a group of moving people (i.e., going around or going through the group) [9].…”

Section: Pedestrian Interaction Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowd Navigation in VR: Exploring Haptic Rendering of Collisions

Berton

Grzeskowiak

Bonneau

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. Our objective is to understand whether and to what extent providing haptic rendering of collisions during navigation through a virtual crowd (right) makes users behave more realistically. Whenever a collision occurs (center), armbands worn on the arms locally vibrate to render this contact (left). We carried out an experiment with 23 participants, testing both subjective and objective metrics regarding the users' path planning, body motion, kinetic energy, presence, and embodiment.

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Eye-Gaze Activity in Crowds: Impact of Virtual Reality and Density

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Agent-based simulation of collective cooperation: from experiment to model

Agent-based simulation of collective cooperation: from experiment to model

Human‐virtual crowd interaction: Towards understanding the effects of crowd avoidance proximity in an immersive virtual environment

Crowd Navigation in VR: Exploring Haptic Rendering of Collisions

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