Eye Fixations Indicate Men’s Preference for Female Breasts or Buttocks

Dagnino, Bruno; Navajas, Joaquín Fernández-Crehuet; Sigman, Mariano

doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9945-3

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the study of Krantz, Bailard, and Scher (1997), which revealed that men prefer larger breasts than women. Other studies also reported a general male preference for larger breasts (Dagnino et al, 2012;Singh & Young, 1995). Although the mate selection theory failed to explain this gender difference, our results still indicate that both genders agree in preference for breasts larger than the judged average (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Males -Femalessupporting

confidence: 43%

“…Investigating individual differences in the male preference between breasts and buttocks, Dagnino, Navajas and Sigman (2012) found bimodal distribution of preference, albeit skewed towards buttocks as contributors to their choice. Some studies revealed cultural and ethnic differences in the preference for large buttocks.…”

Section: Buttocks Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…specific relationships between different body parts) could modify the experience of a single body part. Some studies have shown that different female body parts are not equally important for different men; for instance, Wiggins et al (1968) and more recently Dagnino et al (2012) specified at least two groups of men -those who prefer breasts and those who prefer buttocks. This difference could be confounding when participants rate the attractiveness of one body part while the other (more or less attractive) is simultaneously present.…”

Section: Global -Local Presentation Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous studies different categories of stimuli were used, such as drawings (Dagnino et al, 2012;Furnham 1997;Henss, 1995;Singh, 1993), silhouettes (Sorokowski & Sorokowska, 2012;Tovee & Corenlissen, 2001) and naturalistic photographs (Dixson et al, 2011;George, Swami, Cornelissen, & Tovee, 2008;Henss, 2000;Puhl & Boland, 2001;Rozmus-Wrzesinska & Pawlowski, 2005;Thornhill & Grammer 1999). In most of the studies figures were dressed in swimsuits (Henss, 2000;Puhl & Boland, 2001;Singh, 1993;Tovee & Corenlissen, 2001), but some studies used the color pictures of nude females (e.g.…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attractiveness of the female body: Preference for the average or the supernormal?

Marković¹,

Bulut²

2017

Psihologija

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The main purpose of the present study was to contrast the two hypotheses of female body attractiveness. The first is the "preference-for-the average" hypothesis: the most attractive female body is the one that represents the average body proportions for a given population. The second is the "preference-for-the supernormal" hypothesis: according to the so-called "peak shift effect", the most attractive female body is more feminine than the average. We investigated the preference for three female body characteristics: waist to hip ratio (WHR), buttocks and breasts. There were 456 participants of both genders. Using a program for computer animation (DAZ 3D) three sets of stimuli were generated (WHR, buttocks and breasts). Each set included six stimuli ranked from the lowest to the highest femininity level. Participants were asked to choose the stimulus within each set which they found most attractive (task 1) and average (task 2). One group of participants judged the body parts that were presented in the global context (whole body), while the other group judged the stimuli in the local context (isolated body parts only). Analyses have shown that the most attractive WHR, buttocks and breasts are more feminine (meaning smaller for WHR and larger for breasts and buttocks) than average ones, for both genders and in both presentation contexts. The effect of gender was obtained only for the most attractive breasts: males prefer larger breasts than females. Finally, most attractive and average WHR and breasts were less feminine in the local than in the global context. These results support the preference-forthe supernormal hypothesis: all analyses have shown that both male and female participants preferred female body parts which are more feminine than those judged average.

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Section: Males -Femalessupporting

confidence: 43%

Section: Buttocks Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Global -Local Presentation Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attractiveness of the female body: Preference for the average or the supernormal?

Marković¹,

Bulut²

2017

Psihologija

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“…Men with ideal body shapes might be seen as more attractive and research shows that attractiveness predicts focus on sexual body parts (Dagnino, Navajas, & Sigman, 2012). Consistently, Gervais, et al (2012) found that men's bodies with ideal body shapes were seen as more interchangeable (i.e., another indicator of objectification) compared to men's bodies with less ideal and average body shapes.…”

Section: Appearance-focus Increases the Objectifying Gaze Toward Menmentioning

confidence: 82%

When do people “check out” male bodies? Appearance-focus increases the objectifying gaze toward men.

Bernard¹,

Gervais²,

Holland³

et al. 2018

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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Abstract:Objectification studies have mostly focused on why and how women are objectified, but relatively little is known about what drives the objectification of men. This paper aims to examine the objectifying gaze toward men, which is operationalized in the present paper as decreased focus on men's faces and increased focus on men's body parts (arms, chest and stomach). We considered the role of appearance (vs. personality) focus and ideal body shape on the objectifying gaze toward men. Specifically, we instructed sixty-five participants (36 men) to either evaluate the appearance or the personality of men while their eyes are monitored. To assess the objectifying gaze, we examined dwell time (i.e., total time spent fixating on an area) on targets' face, arms, chest and stomach as well as first fixation (i.e., how quickly face, arms and stomach were fixated relative to the onset of the image). Consistent with our main hypothesis, results indicated that appearance-focused participants looked at faces less and chests, arms and stomachs for more time than personality-focused participants. Participants also looked at men's arms for more time and at faces for less time for men's bodies with high (vs. average and low) ideal body shape. We discussed these results and their implications in the light of objectification and body perception theories. We want to thank you and the reviewers for having provided thoughtful and constructive feedback regarding our paper entitled "When do people "check out" male bodies? Appearance-focus increases the objectifying gaze toward men" (MEN-2016-0212R1). We have carefully read your decision letter as well as the suggestions for revision by you and the reviewers.We are submitting a revised version of our paper because we believe we can completely address the comments raised by you and the reviewers. In the attachment, you will find a new version of the paper. Below, we detail our response to each of the points raised. In doing so, we followed the order of the suggested revisions mentioned by you and the reviewer. We have adjusted the language accordingly. E2. General: in idiomatic English, people are described as being fixated on a specific body part, such as "they were fixated on his biceps"We made these changes throughout the paper. E3. Method: Please provide separate headers for participants, measures, and procedure, per APA style. All of this information is currently in the ms, so this is only a matter of mild editing. Information on the measures currently appears in the first paragraph of the results; please move to methods. Please also include the instructions given to the participants (p. 5).We now provide separated headers for Participants, Procedure and Measures, p.7: We considered two dependent variables: dwell time (total time spent fixating on a region over the course of a trial) and first fixation time, which represents how quickly a region was fixated relative to the onset of the image. Note that if a region was not fixated in the 3000 ms window, we gave them a value of ...

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The ideal buttock: some aesthetic and morphometric considerations

Raposio,

Baldelli,

Vappiani

et al. 2023

Eur J Plast Surg

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Remodeling surgical procedures of the gluteal region are increasingly popular and in demand. In most cases, preoperative considerations and planning are largely based on the surgeon’s own experience. This article reviews the existing literature on the subject, adding and encoding some personal notes in order to standardize the ideally predictable results in cosmetic surgery of the gluteal region. Anatomical and morphological considerations are described as indications for an accurate preoperative planning, outlining morphological-geometric guidelines on the ideal beauty of the buttocks, with the aim to facilitate such process for the less experienced surgeon.

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Eye Fixations Indicate Men’s Preference for Female Breasts or Buttocks

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Attractiveness of the female body: Preference for the average or the supernormal?

Attractiveness of the female body: Preference for the average or the supernormal?

When do people “check out” male bodies? Appearance-focus increases the objectifying gaze toward men.

The ideal buttock: some aesthetic and morphometric considerations

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