Eye Contact Between Pedestrians and Drivers

AlAdawy, Dina; Glazer, Michael; Terwilliger, Jack; Schmidt, Henri; Domeyer, Josh; Mehler, Bruce; Reimer, Bryan; Fridman, Lex

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1904.04188

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The cars' drivers were enclosed, hidden, anonymous, and speedy. Cartway interaction was asocial and inhumane (Clow, 2004;Dey and Terken, 2016;Rasouli et al, 2017;AlAdawy et al, 2019). Ordinary people were repelled by the cartway's new inhuman interaction as they had been by its previous pollution.…”

Section: History Of Physical and Symbolic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic meanings of ordinary city streets and their trees

Ferguson¹

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Symbolic meaning is one of a number of modes of humans’ relationships with physical settings. Although symbolic meaning is qualitative and ambiguous, it is an encompassing mode of interaction: symbolic meanings assemble feelings, urges, and abstract concepts; they shape people’s understanding of the world and motivate their purposes, attitudes, and actions. Early literature in environmental psychology acknowledged symbolic meaning’s promise, but in recent decades it has been inadequately studied; theoretical and methodological research has been needed. This paper advances the understanding and use of symbolic meaning by, first, presenting a theory which posits that in ordinary environmental settings symbolic meanings emerge from interaction between the perceptible qualities of environmental features and people’s psychological predisposition to respond to them. The paper then demonstrates methods which use the theory to objectively guide the identification of symbolic meanings in the case of ordinary urban streets and their trees. Although symbolic interpretation is intuitive and subjective, in this study it is guided by objective empirical knowledge and theoretical frameworks from human sciences. A combination of methods is applied, making conclusions answerable to diverse types of underlying data. One method was in firsthand observation of present-day streets; interpretations were accepted which linked objects’ perceptible qualities with people’s known dispositions to respond to them. A second method was interpretation in conventional street features’ documented historical evolution. Interpretations were accepted which linked objects’ perceptible qualities with people’s known disposition to respond, and with symbols’ known cultural tendency over time to specialize, differentiate, and evolve into coherent systems consistent with social norms. The results confirm that ordinary streets and their trees form a coherent system of symbols. Their meanings are social and sociomoral; they are guides to and affirmations of humane social life; they deserve to be prioritized in design agendas alongside tangible performance measures. It is concluded that symbolic meanings are present in ordinary urban settings, that their presence can be explained theoretically, and that their interpretation can be objectively guided.

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Section: History Of Physical and Symbolic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbolic meanings of ordinary city streets and their trees

Ferguson¹

2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…From a study carried out with a large sample of pedestrian behaviors, similar conclusions were reached by Rasouli et al (2017) who found that, in the context of non-signalized crossings, more than 90% of pedestrians gazed at oncoming vehicles before crossing. Although recent studies have expressed some reservations about the exact role of eye contacts (Dey and Terken, 2016;Al Adawy et al, 2019;Lee et al, 2021), non-verbal communication (such as head movements or hand gestures of car drivers, for example) may play a key role to support pedestrians' decision-making in ambiguous situations, and then to increase their safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: Perceived safety of yielding behaviors and benefits of an external human–machine interface for elderly people

et al. 2022

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This study focuses on Automated Vehicles (AVs) interactions with pedestrians during road crossing situations. A dual-phase experiment was designed: one from the pedestrian’s perspective and the other one from the AV passenger’s point of view. Eight AV behaviors to yield were investigated. Participants’ task was to assess the safety of each one of these yielding behaviors. Moreover, an external HMI (eHMI) was designed to support them in these interactions. 40 participants were involved in this experiment (50% females, 20 young versus 20 elderly). Results obtained show significant differences between old and young participants: elderly people have not the same way to perceive and assess the safety of the yielding behaviors from “the inside” and from “the outside” of the car. Conversely, young participants assessed AV behaviors similarly whether as pedestrians or as AV passengers. When considering benefits introduced by the eHMI, it significantly reduces differences between old and young participants and tends to harmonize their safety assessments: with to the eHMI, elderly people are more able to adequately perceive and assess the safety/dangerousness of the AV braking manoeuvers, and their safety judgments become at last quite similar to those of young participants. Moreover, the eHMI increases participants’ Acceptance of AV and reduces their concerns about their future interactions with AV as a pedestrian, especially for elderly people.

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Eye Contact Between Pedestrians and Drivers

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Symbolic meanings of ordinary city streets and their trees

Symbolic meanings of ordinary city streets and their trees

Interaction between pedestrians and automated vehicles: Perceived safety of yielding behaviors and benefits of an external human–machine interface for elderly people

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