Eye changes among HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Nepal

Labh, Rajan Kumar; Chaudhary, Meenu; Shah, Dev Narayan

doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v8i1.16158

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Studies from sub-Saharan Africa reported that 48% of PLHIV in Ghana [4] and 70% of PLHIV in Tanzania [5] had ocular abnormalities. Elsewhere, ocular conditions have been reported in 53 to 65% of PLHIV at some point in their disease course [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Manifestations among HIV Patients at the Main Tertiary Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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Ophthalmic diseases are common among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in developing countries. However, there are currently no published studies on ophthalmic complications among PLHIV in Sierra Leone. We conducted a cross-sectional study of PLHIV presenting at Connaught Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone from January through March 2020. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between ophthalmic manifestations and potential risk factors. A total of 103 PLHIV were studied (78.6% female, median age 41 years, 100% treatment-experienced). The median CD4 cell count was 374 cells/mm3 and 76.7% were virologically suppressed. Overall, 44.7% of study participants had at least one ophthalmic complication and 51.5% had poor visual acuity in at least one eye. The most common conditions were dry eye (21.4%), cataract (20.4%), blepharitis (10.7%), nucleosclerosis (6.8%), conjunctivitis (5.8%), penguecula (5.8%), toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (3.9%), and posterior vitreous detachment (2.9%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, poor visual acuity (adjusted odds (aOR) 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.12–6.78]; p = 0.040) and CD4 cell count < 100 cells/mm3 (aOR 3.91, 95% CI [1.07–14.31]; p = 0.028) were independently associated with ophthalmic disease. A high proportion of PLHIV in this study had ophthalmic complications. This calls for greater integration of HIV and ophthalmologic care.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Manifestations among HIV Patients at the Main Tertiary Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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“…Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. 3 The virus infect T lymphocytes resulting in profound immunodeficiency leading to opportunistic infections and neoplasms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prevalence study of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy

Hothi

Gohil

Parekh

et al. 2019

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Among 40 million cases worldwide, 50-75% of patients have at least one ocular manifestation in their lifetime. Many of ocular infections are treatable with therapeutic agents. Ocular manifestations invariably reflect systemic disease and can be the initial manifestations of HIV in many cases. Understanding of ocular sequel of HIV infection can lead to the early diagnosis and effective treatment. This study emphasizes on the need of developing a specific ophthalmic examination for the management of ocular manifestations in HIV infected patients.Methods: Cross sectional and observational study of 100 HIV positive participants on HAART were done irrespective of presence or absence of ocular symptoms. Participants were examined for complete ocular examination. Prevalence find out using chi-square test, find p values and ensuring statistical significance.Results: In our study, prevalence of ocular manifestation in HIV positive patients receiving HAART was 39%. Out of them, 20% adnexal involvement, 28% anterior segment involvement, 33% posterior segment involvement, 11% neuro-ophthalmic abnormality, 4% orbital involvement were present. 76% patients belonged to WHO clinical stage 2 and 3. 51% had CD4+ T cell counts <200 cells/µl.Conclusions: Posterior segment followed by anterior segment are the most commonly encountered ocular manifestations of HIV infection. Low CD4 count is good predictor for ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients. Higher WHO stage is also directly related with the severity of the ocular symptoms. Routine baseline ophthalmic screening to all HIV positive patients are necessary to prevent ocular morbidity.

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“…HIV is transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells [3]. The virus infect T lymphocytes resulting in profound immunodeficiency leading to opportunistic infections and neoplasms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prevalence study of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy

Hothi

Gohil

Parekh

et al. 2019

Biomed Res Clin Prac

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Background: Among 40 million cases worldwide, 50-75% of Patients have at least one ocular manifestation in their lifetime. Many of ocular infections are treatable with therapeutic agents. Ocular manifestations invariably reflect systemic disease and can be the initial manifestations of HIV in many cases. Understanding of ocular sequel of HIV infection can lead to the early diagnosis and effective treatment. This study emphasizes on the need of developing a specific ophthalmic examination for the management of ocular manifestations in HIV infected patients.Methods: Cross sectional and observational study of 100 HIV positive participants on HAART were done irrespective of presence or absence of ocular symptoms. Participants were examined for complete ocular examination. Prevalence find out using Chi-square test, find p values and ensuring statistical significance.Results: In our study, prevalence of Ocular manifestation in HIV positive patients receiving HAART was 39%. Out of them, 20% adnexal involvement, 28% anterior segment involvement, 33%posterior segment involvement, 11% neuro-ophthalmic abnormality, 4% orbital involvement were present. 76% patients belonged to WHO clinical stage 2 and 3. 51% had CD4+ T cell counts <200 cells/µl. Conclusion:Posterior segment followed by anterior segment are the most commonly encountered ocular manifestations of HIV infection. Low CD4 count is good predictor for ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients. Higher WHO stage is also directly related with the severity of the ocular symptoms. Routine baseline ophthalmic screening to all HIV positive patients are necessary to prevent ocular morbidity.

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Eye changes among HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Nepal

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Ophthalmic Manifestations among HIV Patients at the Main Tertiary Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ophthalmic Manifestations among HIV Patients at the Main Tertiary Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study

A prevalence study of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy

A prevalence study of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy

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