Eye and Kidney

Izzedine, Hassane; Bodaghi, Bahram; Launay-Vacher, Vincent; Deray, Gilbert

doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000051705.97966.ad

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Inherited renal disease often also involves the retina because the kidney and retina develop at the same embryonic stage and share developmental pathways; 4 the glomerular filtration barrier and retinochoroidal junction are structurally similar; 5 the glomerulus and chorioretina are both large capillary beds, and the renal epithelial (podocyte) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are critically dependent on cilia to function.…”

Section: Why the Kidney And Retina Share Involvement In Inherited Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Abnormalities Characteristic of Inherited Renal Disease

Savige

Ratnaike

Colville

2011

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Section: Why the Kidney And Retina Share Involvement In Inherited Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The PAX genes encode nuclear transcription factors that control development of the kidney, eye, ear, brain, vertebral column and limb muscles. 6 PAX2 is required for development of the urogenital tract, eye, ear, and brain.…”

Section: The Kidney and Eye Share Developmental Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Abnormalities Characteristic of Inherited Renal Disease

Savige

Ratnaike

Colville

2011

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…This is particularly true of inherited renal disease because the inner retina and glomerular filtration barrier share developmental pathways (15) and structural features (16), including ciliated epithelial cells (17), basement membranes comprising ␣3␣4␣5 collagen IV, and the extensive capillary beds seen in the choriocapillaris and glomerulus (18). Retinal abnormalities in inherited renal disease include drusen (Alport syndrome, dense deposit disease), coloboma (reflux nephropathy), retinitis pigmentosa (nephronophthisis; Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes [MELAS] syndrome), crystal deposits (oxalosis, cystinosis), and vascular anomalies (Hereditary Angiopathy, Nephropathy, and muscle Cramps syndrome; Fabry disease) (19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision-Threatening Retinal Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 to 5

Deva¹,

Alias²,

Colville³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Retinal abnormalities are common in inherited and acquired renal disease. This study determined the prevalence of retinal abnormalities in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 5.Design, setting, participants, & measurements One hundred fifty patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 and 150 age-and gender-matched hospital patients with CKD stages 1 to 2 underwent bilateral retinal photography. These images were reviewed for incidental abnormalities, microvascular (Wong and Mitchell classification) and diabetic retinopathy (Airlie House criteria), and macular degeneration (Seddon classification).Results Three (2%) patients with CKD stages 3 to 5 had retinal features characteristic of inherited renal disease (atrophy in Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, Stroke-like episodes [MELAS] syndrome; and 2 with drusen in dense deposit disease). Fifty-nine (39%) patients had moderate-severe microvascular retinopathy (hemorrhages, exudates, etc.) compared with 19 (13%) with CKD stages 1 to 2. Forty-one (28%) had moderate-severe diabetic retinopathy (microaneurysms, exudates, etc.) compared with 16 (11%) with CKD stages 1 to 2. Ten (7%) had severe macular degeneration (geographic atrophy, hemorrhage, exudates, membranes) compared with one (1%) with CKD stages 1 to 2. Renal failure was an independent risk factor for microvascular retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Eleven (7.3%) patients with renal failure and one (0.7%) with CKD stages 1 to 2 had previously unrecognized vision-threatening retinal abnormalities that required immediate ophthalmologic attention. ConclusionsRetinal abnormalities are common in CKD stages 3 to 5, and are more severe and more likely to threaten vision than in hospital patients with CKD stages 1 to 2.

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“…Both the glomeruli and retina include tiny nets of capillaries. Izzedine and others state that several factors, such as the epithelial growth factor or integrins, which were observed in mouse ocular and renal organogenesis, may later be proven to be important in the development of human eyes and kidneys [11]. Consequently, the authors propose a clinical diagnostic approach of oculorenal syndromes with their genetic links [11].…”

Section: Hypertensive Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Izzedine and others state that several factors, such as the epithelial growth factor or integrins, which were observed in mouse ocular and renal organogenesis, may later be proven to be important in the development of human eyes and kidneys [11]. Consequently, the authors propose a clinical diagnostic approach of oculorenal syndromes with their genetic links [11].Hypertensive retinopathy initially shows segmental or generalized retinal arterial narrowing, which if severe may lead to the total closure of secondary arteries and micro-infarcts manifest "cotton wool spots". Other consequences of arterial hypertension are vascular leakage leading to retinal edema, "flame-shaped hemorrhages, " and rarely a "macular star" consisting of radiating linear hard intraretinal exudates [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertensive Crisis-A Serious Problem in Medical Practice

Pociej‐Marciak¹,

Karska‐Basta²

2016

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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There has recently been a considerable increase in interest in hypertensive crisis-a life-threatening condition. Recent publications indicate that hypertensive crisis is a problem not only in general medicine but also in ophthalmology. Visual disturbances may be the initial symptoms of severe hypertension and can reflect severe systemic changes. It seems appropriate to conduct further studies on the pathogenesis of vascular hypertensive changes, and particularly any associated inflammatory reactions. It also seems justified to introduce screening for hypertensive changes on the eye fundus photographs in emergency departments.Keywords: Hypertensive crisis; Hypertensive urgency; Hypertensive emergency; Hypertensive choroidopathy; Hypertensive retinopathy Hypertensive CrisisHypertensive crisis is a life-threatening condition in which the diastolic pressure usually exceeds 120 mmHg [1,2]. The condition may occur as a hypertensive emergency with target organ damage (brain, heart, kidneys and eyes) or it may occur without target organ damage (hypertensive urgency) [3,4]. Treatment involves lowering blood pressure with antihypertensive agents [3,4].Arriozola-Rodríguez and others presented a twenty-three-year-old patient with sudden bilateral vision loss and hypertensive retinopathy. The patient was diagnosed with hypertensive crisis (his blood pressure was 220/140 mmHg) secondary to chronic renal disease and underwent renal transplantation from a relative [5]. This case was similar to ours of a twenty-five-year-old patient who presented with sudden bilateral reduction in vision associated with chronic kidney failure [1]. This patient was also qualified for a kidney transplant. Aarriozola-Rodríguez and others emphasized that changes in the retinal vasculature may be similar to those in other organs [5,6]. The vascular changes within the kidneys, heart, and retina may have a similar pathogenesis that involves disturbances in endothelial function leading to circulatory dysfunction and reduction of vascular reactivity [5,7]. In our paper, we cited Kovach who described an eighteen-yearold female treated for renal disease secondary to focal segmental glomerulonephritis who developed sudden bilateral visual loss [8]. Kovach reported that glomerulonephritis may be an autoimmune disease although the fundi showed only hypertensive changes and absence of any inflammatory signs [1,8]. However, it should be underlined that clinicopathologic correlations between tissue findings in various organs, including the eyes and kidneys, have already been well-documented. D'Souza and Short claim that the association between high blood pressure and renal and retinal dysfunction is well recognized [9,10]. Both the glomeruli and retina include tiny nets of capillaries. Izzedine and others state that several factors, such as the epithelial growth factor or integrins, which were observed in mouse ocular and renal organogenesis, may later be proven to be important in the development of human eyes and kidneys [11]. Consequently, the authors ...

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Eye and Kidney

Cited by 61 publications

References 102 publications

Retinal Abnormalities Characteristic of Inherited Renal Disease

Retinal Abnormalities Characteristic of Inherited Renal Disease

Vision-Threatening Retinal Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 to 5

Hypertensive Crisis-A Serious Problem in Medical Practice

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