Exudation from Aphid Stylets during the Period from Dormancy to Bud break in<i>Tilia americana</i>(L.)

Hill, Gillian

doi:10.1093/jxb/13.1.144

Cited by 27 publications

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“…Individuals of both species fed regularly on the stem. Thus substances necessary for growth of the aphids must be translocated from the galled leaves to some other parts of the plant, and translocation may be assisted by the fact that aphids can act as sinks for photosynthates produces elsewhere in the plant (Hill, 1962;Canny & Askham, 1967). Bodenheimer & Swirski (1957) regard body-size as an expression o{ suitability of growth conditions for aphids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE GROWTH OF APHIS FABAE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUTRITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF GALLING TO THE APPLE APHID DYSAPHIS DEVECTA

Forrest

1971

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Galling by Dysaphis devecta benefits groups of Aphis fabae as they are larger both on control and nitrogen‐deprived apple plants which have been galled. Presumably D. devecta gains these advantages for itself because it can produce galls. Honeydew from A. fabae feeding on galled and ungalled control apple plants of the same age differs in its amino‐acid content. It is thought that the presence of larger amounts of amino acids in the honeydew of aphids feeding on galled plants indicates that they had access to a better supply of these essential nutrients and consequently were able to attain a larger body‐size. Résumé LA CROISSANCE D'APHIS FABAE, INDICATEUR TÉMOIN DE L'AVANTAGE NUTRITIONNEL ASSOCIÉ À LA FORMATION DES GALLES, POUR LE PUCERON DU POMMIER DYSAPHIS DEVECTA Le puceron Dysaphis devecta Walker provoque des galles rouges sur les feuilles du pommier. Il n'est pas possible d'évaluer les bénéfices que peuvent offrir à ce puceron cette formation de galles, mais si on élève sur ces mêmes feuilles Aphis fabae Scop. qui lui ne provoque pas de galles, alors on peut constater que la formation de galles est bénéfique pour cette dernière espèce. Deux lots de ces pucerons ont éTÉ élevés sur des jeunes pommiers âgés de deux semaines, un lot se composant uniquement de cinq larves d'A. fabae, l'autre comportant quatre larves d'A. fabae et une de D. devecta. La même expérience a éTÉ répéTÉe pendant quatre générations avec les descendants de chacun de ces lots de Puceron. Dans toutes les générations la longueur moyenne des pucerons élevés sur les plantes attaquées simultanément par un individu de D. devecta était supérieure à celle des pucerons issus de lots se composant seulement d'A. fabae. En même temps les Aphis fabae des lots mixtes se développaient plus rapidement et moins d'ailés sont apparus. D'autres essais ont éTÉ réalisés de la même façon, mais les plantes étaient âgées de cinq semaines et avaient reçu des solutions nutritives complètes ou sans azote. A nouveau, l'influence de D. devecta sur la plante‐hôte a entraîné une alimentation plus favorable pour Aphis fabae pendant quelques générations. Le miellat d'A. fabae s'alimentant sur des plantes de même âge, attaquée ou non par D. devecta diffère par sa teneur en acides aminés; celle‐ci est plus élevée dans le miellat des pucerons se nourrissant sur des feuilles portant des galles. La production de galles foliaires par D. devecta favorise done la production d'acides aminés ce qui est bénéfique pour ce puceron gallicole.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE GROWTH OF APHIS FABAE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUTRITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF GALLING TO THE APPLE APHID DYSAPHIS DEVECTA

Forrest

1971

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Reduced levels of light reduced sieve element sucrose in Salix alba from over 300 m m to below 30 m m (Mittler, 1958). Large changes in sieve element sucrose occurred in Tilia americana (L.) around bud break, correlating with changes the feeding rate of the aphid Longistigma caryae (Harris) (Hill, 1962).…”

Section: The Effect Of Climate Change On Phloem Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO₂ and drought be predicted?

Pritchard

Griffiths

Hunt

2007

Global Change Biology

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The effects of drought and elevated CO 2 on the performance of sap-feeding aphids is considered. It is assumed that, for these stressors, the major influence will act through altering host plant composition and therefore diet. Changes in the plant may affect the ability to locate phloem tissues, while changes in composition of the sieve element forming the aphid diet may have more direct effects. It is concluded that plant response to conditions where carbon is present in excess (elevated CO 2 ) or its consumption is exceeded by its availability (drought) is heterogeneous at the cellular level. The complexities of the response of the plant to components of climate change are paralleled by the diversity of the responses of aphids to drought and elevated CO 2 . Potential control points are discussed and it is concluded that current knowledge, both descriptive and mechanistic, supports the view that it is unreasonable to expect that a single plant component can predict the general response of aphids to climate change. Instead, it is more likely that aphids use a variety of cues when interacting with their host plants, and individual species respond to changes in their diet differently. Further work examining the response of both plant and aphid transcriptome and metabolome will support or contradict this hypothesis.

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“…In den 50er Jahren wurde vor allem mit Baumlausen gearbeitet (KENNEDY und MITTLER 1953;MITTLER 1958;HILL 1962…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aminosäuren und Zucker im Phloemsaft verschiedener Pflanzenteile von Hafer (Avena sativa) in Beziehung zur Saugortpräferenz von Getreideblattläusen (Hom., Aphididae)

Kuo-Sell

1989

J Applied Entomology

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Amino acids and sugars in phloem sap of different parts of oats (Avena sativa) in relation to feeding sites of cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum (Hom., Aphididae) Pure phloem sap of different parts of oats (Avena sativa) was collected by cutting stylets of feeding aphids using a ruby laser. Aphids and plants were kept under constant environmental conditions. Only parts of oats preferred by the cereal aphids, Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum were selected for the collection of phloem sap. Sucrose was the only sugar transported in the phloem. The concentration of sucrose was almost equal in the phloem sap of spikelet (254.4 μg/μl), flag leaf (252.4 μg/μl) and the leaf next to the flag leaf (293.9 μg/μl). The total concentration of amino acids ranged between 174.8 nmol/μl in the spikelet, 127.8 nmol/μl in the flag leaf and 121.1 nmol/μl in the leaf next to the flag leaf. Differences, however, were not significant. The proportion of amino acids to sucrose was 1:11 in the spikelet, 1:14 in the flag leaf and 1:18 in the leaf next to the flag leaf. Apart from the discrepancies in total concentrations qualitative and quantitative differences in single amino acids were found between the plant parts, especially between spikelets and leaves. A total of at least 32 amino acids were detected in the phloem sap. The dominating amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, threonine, serine, alanine and valine. In spikelets the content of glutamine, asparagine, valine, methionine, ornithine and two unknown amino acids (“unknown‐2” and “unknown‐4”) was significantly higher than that in the leaves, while the content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, ethanolamine and an unknown amino acid (“unknown‐1”) was significantly lower compared to the leaves. Differences between the spikelet and the leaf next to the flag leaf were in most cases higher than that between spikelet and flag leaf. Between the two leaves only the content of threonine and unknown amino acid “unknown‐1” was significantly different. Possible reasons for the preference of spikelets by S. avenae and flag leaves by M. dirhodum are discussed with reference to the composition of phloem sap. Zusammenfassung Unter konstanten Bedingungen wurden mit Hilfe einer Rubin‐Laser‐Apparatur inserierte Stechborsten von Getreideblattläusen Sitobion avenae durchtrennt und der austretende reine Phloemsaft verschiedener Pflanzenteile von Hafer (Avena sativa) gewonnen. Die Auswahl der Pflanzenorgane orientierte sich an der Saugortpräferenz von S. avenae und Metopolophium dirhodum. Saccharose war die einzige Transportform des Zuckers im Phloemsaft. Die Zuckerkonzentration im vorletzten Blatt war mit 293,9 μg/μl tendentiell höher als im Ährchen (254,4 μg/μl) oder Fahnenblatt (252,4 μg/μl). Bei der Gesamtkonzentration der Aminosäuren bestanden ebenfalls nur tendentielle Unterschiede zwischen den Pflanzenteilen (im Ährchen 174,8 nmol/μl, Fahnenblatt 127,8 nmol/μl und vorletzten Blatt 121,1 nmol/μl). D...

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Exudation from Aphid Stylets during the Period from Dormancy to Bud break inTilia americana(L.)

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

THE GROWTH OF APHIS FABAE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUTRITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF GALLING TO THE APPLE APHID DYSAPHIS DEVECTA

THE GROWTH OF APHIS FABAE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUTRITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF GALLING TO THE APPLE APHID DYSAPHIS DEVECTA

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO₂ and drought be predicted?

Aminosäuren und Zucker im Phloemsaft verschiedener Pflanzenteile von Hafer (Avena sativa) in Beziehung zur Saugortpräferenz von Getreideblattläusen (Hom., Aphididae)

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Exudation from Aphid Stylets during the Period from Dormancy to Bud break inTilia americana(L.)

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

THE GROWTH OF APHIS FABAE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUTRITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF GALLING TO THE APPLE APHID DYSAPHIS DEVECTA

THE GROWTH OF APHIS FABAE AS AN INDICATOR OF THE NUTRITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF GALLING TO THE APPLE APHID DYSAPHIS DEVECTA

Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO2 and drought be predicted?

Aminosäuren und Zucker im Phloemsaft verschiedener Pflanzenteile von Hafer (Avena sativa) in Beziehung zur Saugortpräferenz von Getreideblattläusen (Hom., Aphididae)

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Can the plant‐mediated impacts on aphids of elevated CO₂ and drought be predicted?