Extrusion width critically affects fibre orientation in short fibre reinforced material extrusion additive manufacturing

Yan, Jiongyi; Demirci, Emrah; Ganesan, A.; Gleadall, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2021.102496

Cited by 24 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Furthermore, the orientation of fibers is affected by experimental extrusion width, where experimental extrusion width depends on extrusion temperature, speed and width. Fibers were more aligned in a narrow extruder than in a wider extruder [ 118 ], as shown in Figure 11 . One of the first published papers on FDM 3D printed discontinuous, and aligned-fiber composites was by Tekinalp et al [ 76 ].…”

Section: Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (Frpc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): Fiber Length and Fiber Implementation Techniques

2022

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Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is an actively growing additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to its ability to produce complex shapes in a short time. AM, also known as 3-dimensional printing (3DP), creates the desired shape by adding material, preferably by layering contoured layers on top of each other. The need for low cost, design flexibility and automated manufacturing processes in industry has triggered the development of FDM. However, the mechanical properties of FDM printed parts are still weaker compared to conventionally manufactured products. Numerous studies and research have already been carried out to improve the mechanical properties of FDM printed parts. Reinforce polymer matrix with fiber is one of the possible solutions. Furthermore, reinforcement can enhance the thermal and electrical properties of FDM printed parts. Various types of fibers and manufacturing methods can be adopted to reinforce the polymer matrix for different desired outcomes. This review emphasizes the fiber types and fiber insertion techniques of FDM 3D printed fiber reinforcement polymer composites. A brief overview of fused deposition modelling, polymer sintering and voids formation during FDM printing is provided, followed by the basis of fiber reinforced polymer composites, type of fibers (synthetic fibers vs. natural fibers, continuous vs. discontinuous fiber) and the composites’ performance. In addition, three different manufacturing methods of fiber reinforced thermoplastics based on the timing and location of embedding the fibers, namely ‘embedding before the printing process (M1)’, ‘embedding in the nozzle (M2)’, and ‘embedding on the component (M3)’, are also briefly reviewed. The performance of the composites produced by three different methods were then discussed.

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Section: Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (Frpc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Fiber orientation at different extrusion width (W set ), where fibers were more aligned in a narrow extruder compared with a wider extruder. Reprinted with permission from [ 118 ], 2022, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): Fiber Length and Fiber Implementation Techniques

2022

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“…Nowadays, microstructural analysis, delamination, and surface roughness of FDM printed parts are under intense research. 26,[47][48][49] For FDM of short and continuous CFRPs, it can be concluded that both possess advantages in terms of improved mechanical strength, but the incorporation of these reinforcements also induces certain limitations in terms of geometrical and printing constraints. Numerous processing parameters are vital in the FDM of CFRPs, including temperature control, air gap, bead width, and raster orientations.…”

Section: Fused Deposition Modeling (Fdm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Narrow extrusions favor fiber alignment in the printing direction. 49 Introducing continuous carbon fibers in thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers increases the mechanical performance of continuous CFRPs significantly compared to short CFRPs. Liu et al 45 have shown that nylon-based continuous carbon fiber composites possess extraordinary mechanical properties.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on additive manufacturing of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers: Current methods, materials, mechanical properties, applications and challenges

Adil

Lazoğlu

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Additive manufacturing has new revolutionary potential for carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Additive manufacturing of CFRPs combines the advantages of additive manufacturing such as customization, minimal wastage, low cost, fast prototyping and rapid manufacturing with high specific strength of carbon fiber. This article delivers a comprehensive review of additive manufacturing of short and continuous CFRPs. The article presents insight into different additive manufacturing techniques with an overview of commercially available methods for manufacturing short and continuous CFRPs. This review also includes mechanical characterization and analytical techniques discussed in the literature for CFRPs. The robust applications of short and continuous CFRPs in biomedical, electronics, and aerospace would highlight the importance of research and development in this field. In the end, drawbacks, recent innovations, and the future research directions underline the gap between research and commercialization of additive manufacturing of short and continuous CFRPs.

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The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

Kergariou

Demoly

Perriman

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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In recent years, 4D printing has allowed the rapid development of new concepts of multifunctional/adaptive structures. The 4D printing technology makes it possible to generate new shapes and/or property-changing capabilities by combining smart materials, multiphysics stimuli, and additive manufacturing. Hygromorphs constitute a specific class of new smart materials where their properties and morphing capabilities are dependent on the surrounding humidity, which drives actuation. Although multiple efforts have been made to fabricate hygromorph demonstrators, a comprehensive design process to produce hygromorphs by multiple 4D printing techniques is not yet available. The broad aim of this review and concept paper is to i) highlight existing scientific and technology gaps in the field of 4D-printed hygromorphs, ii) identify tools existing in other research fields for filling those gaps, and iii) discuss a series of guidelines for tackling future challenges and opportunities to develop 4D-printed composite hygromorph materials and related manufacturing processes. Accordingly, this review describes the materials and additive manufacturing techniques used for hygromorph composite fabrication. Moreover, the relevant parameters that control actuation, the models selection and performance, the design methods and the actuation measurements for customized 4D-printed hygromorph materials, are discussed.

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Extrusion width critically affects fibre orientation in short fibre reinforced material extrusion additive manufacturing

Cited by 24 publications

References 55 publications

3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): Fiber Length and Fiber Implementation Techniques

3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): Fiber Length and Fiber Implementation Techniques

A review on additive manufacturing of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers: Current methods, materials, mechanical properties, applications and challenges

The Design of 4D‐Printed Hygromorphs: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Challenges

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