Extrusion improved the anti‐inflammatory effect of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) hydrolysates in LPS‐induced human THP‐1 macrophage‐like and mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages by preventing activation of NF‐κB signaling

Abstract

Amaranth hydrolysates inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in human and mouse macrophages by preventing activation of NF-κB signaling. Extrusion improved anti-inflammatory effect of amaranth hydrolysates in both cells, which might be attributed to the production of bioactive peptides during processing.

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Total Protein and Protein Fractions Digests Reduce Biomarkers of Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Macrophages In Vitro

“…[55] Then, the reduction of ROS may have been the key-point to the beneficial effects observed by the samples. Our results are similar to previous studies that used digested proteins from other food sources as beans, [43] extruded amaranth, [36] and strawberry-banana soymilk, mixed berry soymilk, and vanilla soymilk and found a reduction of inflammation. [39] Thus, this study reinforces the anti-inflammatory effects of food peptides regarding modulation of transcription and expression of markers related with inflammation.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF-κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF-κB in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells [36] and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells. [37] The activation and translocation of NF-κB to nuclei promotes activation of genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory response, as iNOS.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF‐κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF‐κB in THP‐1 and RAW 264.7 cells and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells …”

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Total Protein and Protein Fractions Digests Reduce Biomarkers of Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Macrophages In Vitro

“…[55] Then, the reduction of ROS may have been the key-point to the beneficial effects observed by the samples. Our results are similar to previous studies that used digested proteins from other food sources as beans, [43] extruded amaranth, [36] and strawberry-banana soymilk, mixed berry soymilk, and vanilla soymilk and found a reduction of inflammation. [39] Thus, this study reinforces the anti-inflammatory effects of food peptides regarding modulation of transcription and expression of markers related with inflammation.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF-κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF-κB in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells [36] and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells. [37] The activation and translocation of NF-κB to nuclei promotes activation of genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory response, as iNOS.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF‐κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF‐κB in THP‐1 and RAW 264.7 cells and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells …”

Functional properties and adipogenesis inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

“…The protein was hydrolyzed rapidly within 30 min, but the hydrolysis rate became slower between 30 and 120 min. Besides, the degree of hydrolysis of protein by pepsin was significantly higher than degree of hydrolysis of protein by papain and pancreatin, and similar results have been observed by Montoya‐Rodríguez, Mejía, Dia, Reyes‐Moreno, and Milán‐Carrillo (). At the same time points, higher DHs were observed in proteins hydrolyzed using pepsin compared to those hydrolyzed using pancreatin (Himonides, Taylor, & Morris, ).…”

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antihypertensive effect and antioxidant activity of blue corn hydrolysates derived from wet-milling//Evaluación del efecto antihipertensivo in vitro e in vivo y actividad antioxidante del hidrolizado de maíz azul derivado de la molienda húmeda

“…These results could be related to the fact that the protein solubility increases with the hydrolysis, as it is primarily the result of the reduction in molecular weight and the increase in the number of polar groups. Our results are comparable with data reported by other researchers (Montoya-Rodríguez et al, 2014).…”

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Total Protein and Protein Fractions Digests Reduce Biomarkers of Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Macrophages In Vitro

“…[55] Then, the reduction of ROS may have been the key-point to the beneficial effects observed by the samples. Our results are similar to previous studies that used digested proteins from other food sources as beans, [43] extruded amaranth, [36] and strawberry-banana soymilk, mixed berry soymilk, and vanilla soymilk and found a reduction of inflammation. [39] Thus, this study reinforces the anti-inflammatory effects of food peptides regarding modulation of transcription and expression of markers related with inflammation.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF-κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF-κB in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells [36] and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells. [37] The activation and translocation of NF-κB to nuclei promotes activation of genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory response, as iNOS.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF‐κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF‐κB in THP‐1 and RAW 264.7 cells and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells …”

Functional properties and adipogenesis inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

“…The protein was hydrolyzed rapidly within 30 min, but the hydrolysis rate became slower between 30 and 120 min. Besides, the degree of hydrolysis of protein by pepsin was significantly higher than degree of hydrolysis of protein by papain and pancreatin, and similar results have been observed by Montoya‐Rodríguez, Mejía, Dia, Reyes‐Moreno, and Milán‐Carrillo (). At the same time points, higher DHs were observed in proteins hydrolyzed using pepsin compared to those hydrolyzed using pancreatin (Himonides, Taylor, & Morris, ).…”

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antihypertensive effect and antioxidant activity of blue corn hydrolysates derived from wet-milling//Evaluación del efecto antihipertensivo in vitro e in vivo y actividad antioxidante del hidrolizado de maíz azul derivado de la molienda húmeda

“…These results could be related to the fact that the protein solubility increases with the hydrolysis, as it is primarily the result of the reduction in molecular weight and the increase in the number of polar groups. Our results are comparable with data reported by other researchers (Montoya-Rodríguez et al, 2014).…”

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Total Protein and Protein Fractions Digests Reduce Biomarkers of Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Macrophages In Vitro

“…[55] Then, the reduction of ROS may have been the key-point to the beneficial effects observed by the samples. Our results are similar to previous studies that used digested proteins from other food sources as beans, [43] extruded amaranth, [36] and strawberry-banana soymilk, mixed berry soymilk, and vanilla soymilk and found a reduction of inflammation. [39] Thus, this study reinforces the anti-inflammatory effects of food peptides regarding modulation of transcription and expression of markers related with inflammation.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF-κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF-κB in THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells [36] and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells. [37] The activation and translocation of NF-κB to nuclei promotes activation of genes encoding proteins involved in the inflammatory response, as iNOS.…”

“…Digested globulin and glutelin showed effect as confirmed by the reduction of NF‐κB activation, and its translocation to nuclei was reduced. These results are similar to results with amaranth hydrolysates which reduced the expression of p65 NF‐κB in THP‐1 and RAW 264.7 cells and with whey protein hydrolysates in RAW 264.7 cells …”

Functional properties and adipogenesis inhibitory activity of protein hydrolysates from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

“…The protein was hydrolyzed rapidly within 30 min, but the hydrolysis rate became slower between 30 and 120 min. Besides, the degree of hydrolysis of protein by pepsin was significantly higher than degree of hydrolysis of protein by papain and pancreatin, and similar results have been observed by Montoya‐Rodríguez, Mejía, Dia, Reyes‐Moreno, and Milán‐Carrillo (). At the same time points, higher DHs were observed in proteins hydrolyzed using pepsin compared to those hydrolyzed using pancreatin (Himonides, Taylor, & Morris, ).…”

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo antihypertensive effect and antioxidant activity of blue corn hydrolysates derived from wet-milling//Evaluación del efecto antihipertensivo in vitro e in vivo y actividad antioxidante del hidrolizado de maíz azul derivado de la molienda húmeda

“…These results could be related to the fact that the protein solubility increases with the hydrolysis, as it is primarily the result of the reduction in molecular weight and the increase in the number of polar groups. Our results are comparable with data reported by other researchers (Montoya-Rodríguez et al, 2014).…”