Extrusion behavior of starch graft copolymers: Starch‐g‐polystyrene and starch‐g‐poly(methyl acrylate)

Henderson, Alex M.; Rudin, Alfred

doi:10.1002/apmc.1992.051940103

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Processing starch as a gel is not common in the traditional starch modification reactors used in industry, due to the high viscosity that comes along with the gelatinized state. In several recent research articles, it was demonstrated, however, that starch modification reactions perform better, in terms of reaction rate and selectivity, when starch is first brought into the gelatinized state . High viscosity requires strong and perhaps purpose‐designed pumping and stirring systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behavior of reaction mixtures during the graft copolymerization of cassava starch with acrylic acid

Witono

Noordergraaf

Heeres

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Literature data on the rheological behavior of a reaction mixture during the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto gelatinized starch are scarce. Yet, such information is important for process design. In this work, continuous torque recording was found to be a suitable method to monitor the apparent viscosity. Reactions were performed in a bench scale reactor at ambient conditions with the monomer to starch ratio as the main variable. Apparent viscosity of the reaction mixture increased rapidly, which could be fitted with good accuracy with a first order exponential growth model. The maximum viscosity of 18 Pa⋅s was seen at the intermediate monomer to starch ratio of 1.0, a phenomenon that is in accordance with literature data. Starch thixotropy is influenced by the grafting of poly‐acrylic acid, until it has almost disappeared at the highest monomer to starch molar ratio of 2.0. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1285–1292, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological behavior of reaction mixtures during the graft copolymerization of cassava starch with acrylic acid

Witono

Noordergraaf

Heeres

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…One such material receiving extensive study is starch graft poly(methyl acrylate) (S- g -PMA). Methyl acrylate monomers were rapidly polymerized and attached to starch in aqueous starch slurry using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. − The products displayed interesting water absorption and tensile properties. , Besides corn starch, potato starch and cereal flour also underwent graft polymerization with methyl acrylate monomer, and similar properties were observed. One potential application suggested for S- g -PMA was as shrinkage blown film where poly(methyl acrylate) contents were around 50%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methyl acrylate monomers were rapidly polymerized and attached to starch in aqueous starch slurry using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The products displayed interesting water absorption and tensile properties. 9,10 Besides corn starch, potato starch 17 and cereal flour 18 also underwent graft polymerization with methyl acrylate monomer, and similar properties were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch Graft Poly(methyl acrylate) Loose-Fill Foam: Preparation, Properties and Degradation

Chen

2003

Biomacromolecules

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Starch graft poly(methyl acrylate) (S-g-PMA) was prepared by ceric ion initiation of methyl acrylate in an aqueous corn starch slurry (prime starch) which maximized the accessibility of the starch for graft polymerization. A new ceric ion reaction sequence was established as starch-initiator-methyl acrylate followed by addition of a small amount of ceric ion solution when the graft polymerization was almost complete to quench the reaction. As a result of this improved procedure, no unreacted methyl acrylate monomer remained, and thus, essentially no ungrafted poly(methyl acrylate) homopolymer was formed in the final grafted product. Quantities of the high purity S-g-PMA so prepared in pilot scale were converted to resin pellets and loose-fill foam by single screw and twin screw extrusion. The use of prime starch significantly improved the physical properties of the final loose-fill foam, in comparison to foam produced from regular dry corn starch. The S-g-PMA loose-fill foam had compressive strength and resiliency comparable to expanded polystyrene but higher bulk density. The S-g-PMA loose-fill foam also had better moisture and water resistance than other competitive starch-based materials. Studies indicated that the starch portion in S-g-PMA loose-fill foam biodegraded rapidly, whereas poly(methyl acrylate) remained relatively stable under natural environmental conditions.

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“…Dennenberg et al prepared S‐ g ‐PMA from normal pearl cornstarch and observed that extruded samples showed excellent susceptibility to fungal growth. Henderson and Rudin prepared S‐ g ‐PMA from gelatinized wheat starch and determined the effects of water soaking on the properties of extruded ribbons. Swanson et al prepared S‐ g ‐PMA from granular corn starch and examined the effects of polymerization temperature, % PMA in the graft copolymer, homopolymer content, molecular weight of PMA, and the strain rate used for tensile testing on the properties of extruded specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of extruded starch–poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymers prepared from spherulites formed from amylose–oleic acid inclusion complexes

Fanta

Finkenstadt

Felker

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Mixtures of high‐amylose corn starch and oleic acid were processed by steam jet cooking, and the dispersions were rapidly cooled to yield amylose–oleic acid inclusion complexes as micron‐ and submicron‐sized spherulites and spherulite aggregates. Dispersions of these spherulite particles were then graft polymerized with methyl acrylate, both before and after removal of uncomplexed amylopectin by water washing. For comparison, granular, uncooked high‐amylose corn starch was also graft polymerized in a similar manner. Graft copolymers with similar percentages of grafted and ungrafted poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) were obtained from these polymerizations. The graft copolymers were then processed by extrusion through a ribbon die, and the tensile properties of the extruded ribbons were determined. Although extruded ribbons with similar tensile strengths were obtained from the three starch–PMA graft copolymers, much higher values for % elongation were obtained from the spherulite‐containing systems. Also, the tensile properties were not significantly affected by removal of soluble, uncomplexed amylopectin by water washing before graft polymerization. These results are consistent with the observation that these PMA‐grafted starch particles did not melt during extrusion, and that continuous plastic ribbons were formed by fusing these particles together in the presence of small amounts of thermoplastic PMA matrix. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40381.

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Extrusion behavior of starch graft copolymers: Starch‐g‐polystyrene and starch‐g‐poly(methyl acrylate)

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Rheological behavior of reaction mixtures during the graft copolymerization of cassava starch with acrylic acid

Rheological behavior of reaction mixtures during the graft copolymerization of cassava starch with acrylic acid

Starch Graft Poly(methyl acrylate) Loose-Fill Foam: Preparation, Properties and Degradation

Properties of extruded starch–poly(methyl acrylate) graft copolymers prepared from spherulites formed from amylose–oleic acid inclusion complexes

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