Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect from First Principles

Gradhand, Martin; Fedorov, D. V.; Zahn, Peter; Mertig, Ingrid

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.186403

Cited by 143 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The estimated D is only weakly dependent on the atomic number Z and falls in the range of 15 ± 2.3 meV for CVDG and EPG decorated with Cu adatoms and 18±2 meV for EPG decorated with Au adatoms. Note that similar to metallic thin films such a weak dependence of Z is expected 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…With respect to the absence of a strong Z dependence, it is important to note that a large SOC at the impurity site is not the only criteria that can give rise to a large SHE. A strong perturbation of the potential at the impurity site can become equally important 42 . Indeed, in both CVD and EPG, the perturbation of the potential-due to the presence of metallic adatom clusters-is large and thus is likely the dominant mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giant spin Hall effect in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition

et al. 2014

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Advances in large-area graphene synthesis via chemical vapour deposition on metals like copper were instrumental in the demonstration of graphene-based novel, wafer-scale electronic circuits and proof-of-concept applications such as flexible touch panels. Here, we show that graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on copper is equally promising for spintronics applications. In contrast to natural graphene, our experiments demonstrate that chemically synthesized graphene has a strong spin-orbit coupling as high as 20 meV giving rise to a giant spin Hall effect. The exceptionally large spin Hall angle B0.2 provides an important step towards graphene-based spintronics devices within existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Our microscopic model shows that unavoidable residual copper adatom clusters act as local spin-orbit scatterers and, in the resonant scattering limit, induce transverse spin currents with enhanced skew-scattering contribution. Our findings are confirmed independently by introducing metallic adatoms-copper, silver and gold on exfoliated graphene samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant spin Hall effect in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition

et al. 2014

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“…And the calculated SHCs 32,33 are found to agree well with the corresponding experimental values in many metals such as Al 35 , Pt 36,37 , Au and Pd 38 , suggesting that the intrinsic SHE is dominant in the high resistivity regime in pure metals. Nonetheless, recent experimental 39,40 and theoretical [41][42][43][44][45] studies showed that certain impurities could also give rise to large SHE in impure metals. However, the SHE in ferromagnets remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous and spin Hall effects in hcp cobalt from GGA+Ucalculations

2012

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We have calculated the intrinsic anomalous and spin Hall conductivities, spin and orbital magnetic moments and also spin polarization of Hall currents in hexagonal cobalt within the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) plus on-site Coulomb interaction (GGA+U ). The accurate all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method is used. We find that the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) (σ A xy ) and orbital magnetic moment (mo) of cobalt with the magnetization being along the c-axis (m//c) calculated in the GGA+U scheme with U = 1.6 eV and J = 0.9 eV agree rather well with the corresponding experimental values while, in contrast, the σ A xy and mo from the GGA calculations are significantly smaller than the measured ones. This suggests that moderate U = 1.6 eV and J = 0.9 eV are appropriate for Co metals. The calculated AHC and spin Hall conductivity (SHC) (σ S ) are highly anisotropic, and the ratio of the Hall conductivity for m//c to that for the magnetization being in-plane (m//ab) from the GGA+U calculations, is ∼16.0 for the AHC and ∼6.0 for the SHC. For m//c, the spin-up and spin-down Hall currents are found to flow in the same direction. The magnitude of the calculated Hall current spin polarization (P H ) is large and P H = −0.61. Remarkably, for m//ab, the spin-up and spin-down Hall currents are predicted to flow in the opposite directions. This indicates that the Hall current contains both spin-polarized charge current and pure spin current, resulting in the magnitude of the Hall current spin polarization (P H = −1.59) being larger than 1.0.

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“…For materials with impurities or disorder, extrinsic contributions to the AHE also exist, which can be described within density-functional theory. 5,6 Nevertheless, the intrinsic contribution is often dominating in itinerant ferromagnets with moderate resistivity. 2 Since the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) is determined by the electronic structure of a pristine crystal [Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in ordered3dPt alloys

2011

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By performing first-principles calculations, we investigate the intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and its anisotropy in ordered L1 0 FePt, CoPt, and NiPt ferromagnets and their intermediate alloys. We demonstrate that the AHC in this family of compounds depends strongly on the direction of the magnetization M in the crystal. We predict that such pronounced orientational dependence in combination with the general decreasing trend of the AHC when going from FePt to NiPt leads to a sign change of the AHC upon rotating the magnetization direction in the crystal of CoPt alloy. We also suggest that, for a range of concentration x in Co x Ni 1−x Pt and Fe x Co 1−x Pt alloys, it is possible to achieve a complete quenching of the anomalous Hall current for a certain direction of the magnetization in the crystal. By analyzing the spin-resolved AHC in 3dPt alloys, we endeavor to relate the overall trend of the AHC in these compounds to the changes in their densities of d states around the Fermi energy upon varying the atomic number. Moreover, we show the generality of the phenomenon of anisotropic anomalous Hall effect by demonstrating its occurrence within the three-band tight-binding model.

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Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect from First Principles

Cited by 143 publications

References 25 publications

Giant spin Hall effect in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition

Giant spin Hall effect in graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition

Anomalous and spin Hall effects in hcp cobalt from GGA+Ucalculations

Anisotropic intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in ordered3dPt alloys

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