Extrinsic Factors Regulating Dendritic Patterning

Lin, Tzu-Yang; Chen, Pei‐Ju; Yu, Hung–Hsiang; Hsu, Chao‐Ping; Lee, Chi-Hon

doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.622808

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Variation in bifurcation probability does not change the power-law behavior of the tipsupport distribution Neurons come in a variety of shapes (Markram et al, 2004(Markram et al, , 2015. Neuronal arbors are shaped by many processes and constraints including stochastic branching and growth (Shree et al 2022), morphogen gradients (Lin et al, 2021), self-avoidance (Grueber and Sagasti, 2010) and other environmental effects (Pannese, 2015), and available space (Niven and Farris, 2012). To generate a finite tree, the bifurcation probability 𝑝 must go below 0.5 at higher branch order.…”

Section: Percolation Transition Associated With the Galton-watson Bra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology recapitulates ontogeny of dendritic arbors

Liao

Bird

Cuntz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Branching of dendrites and axons allows neurons to make synaptic contacts with large numbers of other neurons, facilitating the high connectivity of the nervous system. Neurons have geometric properties, such as the lengths and diameters of their branches, that change systematically throughout the arbor in ways that are thought to minimize construction costs and to optimize the transmission of electrical signals and the intracellular transport of materials. In this work, we investigated whether neuronal arbors also have topological properties that reflect the growth and/or functional properties of their dendritic arbors. In our efforts to uncover possible topological rules, we discovered a function that depends only on the topology of bifurcating trees such as dendritic arbors:the tip-support distribution, which is the average number of branches that supportndendrite tips. We found that for many, but not all, neurons from a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species,the tip-support distributionfollows a power law with slopes ranging from -1.4 and -1.8 on a log-log plot. The slope is invariant under iterative trimming of terminal branches and under random ablation of internal branches. We found that power laws with similar slopes emerge from a variety of iterative growth processes including the Galton-Watson (GW) process, where the power-law behavior occurs after the percolation threshold. Through simulation, we show the slope of the power-law increases with the branching probability of a GW process, which corresponds to a more regular tree. Furthermore, the inclusion of postsynaptic spines and other terminal processes on branches causes a characteristic deviation of thetip-support distributionfrom a power law. Therefore, the tip-support function is a topological property that reflects the underlying branching morphogenesis of dendritic trees.

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Section: Percolation Transition Associated With the Galton-watson Bra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology recapitulates ontogeny of dendritic arbors

Liao

Bird

Cuntz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…During early development, dendritic growth is regulated by both cell-intrinsic programmes and extrinsic factors that regulate various aspects of dendritic development ( Jan and Jan, 2003 ; Lin et al, 2020 ). It was always believed that dendritic growth is intrinsically determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular molecular signals shaping dendrite architecture during brain development

Hamad,

Emerald,

Kumar

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Proper growth and branching of dendrites are crucial for adequate central nervous system (CNS) functioning. The neuronal dendritic geometry determines the mode and quality of information processing. Any defects in dendrite development will disrupt neuronal circuit formation, affecting brain function. Besides cell-intrinsic programmes, extrinsic factors regulate various aspects of dendritic development. Among these extrinsic factors are extracellular molecular signals which can shape the dendrite architecture during early development. This review will focus on extrinsic factors regulating dendritic growth during early neuronal development, including neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, extracellular matrix proteins, contact-mediated ligands, and secreted and diffusible cues. How these extracellular molecular signals contribute to dendritic growth has been investigated in developing nervous systems using different species, different areas within the CNS, and different neuronal types. The response of the dendritic tree to these extracellular molecular signals can result in growth-promoting or growth-limiting effects, and it depends on the receptor subtype, receptor quantity, receptor efficiency, the animal model used, the developmental time windows, and finally, the targeted signal cascade. This article reviews our current understanding of the role of various extracellular signals in the establishment of the architecture of the dendrites.

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“…The processes that contribute to the acquisition of neuronal morphology during development are multifarious. The distribution and density of afferents influence the dendritic differentiation of a neuronal population, while axonal arbors are modulated by the population of target cells they seek to innervate (Gibson and Ma, 2011;Lin et al, 2020). These afferents and targets may play a synaptotropic role in guiding process outgrowth, or they may play a neurotrophic role in promoting differentiation (McAllister, 2001;Cline and Haas, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraction of axonal and dendritic fields in Sox5-deficient cone bipolar cells is accompanied by axonal sprouting and dendritic hyper-innervation of pedicles

2022

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Multiple factors regulate the differentiation of neuronal morphology during development, including interactions with afferents, targets, and homotypic neighbors, as well as cell-intrinsic transcriptional regulation. Retinal bipolar cells provide an exemplary model system for studying the control of these processes, as there are 15 transcriptionally and morphologically distinct types, each extending their dendritic and axonal arbors in respective strata within the synaptic layers of the retina. Here we have examined the role of the transcription factor Sox5 in the control of the morphological differentiation of one type of cone bipolar cell (CBC), the Type 7 cell. We confirm selective expression of SOX5 in this single bipolar cell type, emerging at the close of the first post-natal week, prior to morphological differentiation. Conditional knockout mice were generated by crossing a bipolar cell-specific cre-expressing line with mice carrying floxed Sox5 alleles, as well as the Gustducin-gfp reporter which labels Type 7 CBCs. Loss of SOX5 was confirmed in the bipolar cell stratum, in GFP+ Type 7 cells. Such SOX5-deficient Type 7 cells differentiate axonal and dendritic arbors that are each reduced in areal extent. The axonal arbors exhibit sprouting in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), thereby extending their overall radial extent, while the dendritic arbors connect with fewer cone pedicles in the outer plexiform layer, showing an increase in the average number of dendritic contacts at each pedicle. SOX5-deficient Type 7 CBCs should therefore exhibit smaller receptive fields derived from fewer if now hyper-innervated pedicles, transmitting their signals across a broader depth through the IPL.

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Extrinsic Factors Regulating Dendritic Patterning

Cited by 9 publications

References 123 publications

Topology recapitulates ontogeny of dendritic arbors

Topology recapitulates ontogeny of dendritic arbors

Extracellular molecular signals shaping dendrite architecture during brain development

Contraction of axonal and dendritic fields in Sox5-deficient cone bipolar cells is accompanied by axonal sprouting and dendritic hyper-innervation of pedicles

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