Extremozymes from metagenome: Potential applications in food processing

Khan, Mahejibin; Sathya, T. A.

doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1296408

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Thus, extremozymes are ideal tools for industrial applications where harsh chemical and physical conditions are encountered. However, the difficulties in cultivating extremophiles severely limit access to this class of biocatalysts, thereby metagenomic approaches are now largely used for extremozyme discovery [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Metagenomics of Three Geothermal Sites in Pisciarelli Hot Spring Focusing on the Biochemical Resources of the Microbial Consortia

et al. 2020

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Terrestrial hot springs are of great interest to the general public and to scientists alike due to their unique and extreme conditions. These have been sought out by geochemists, astrobiologists, and microbiologists around the globe who are interested in their chemical properties, which provide a strong selective pressure on local microorganisms. Drivers of microbial community composition in these springs include temperature, pH, in-situ chemistry, and biogeography. Microbes in these communities have evolved strategies to thrive in these conditions by converting hot spring chemicals and organic matter into cellular energy. Following our previous metagenomic analysis of Pisciarelli hot springs (Naples, Italy), we report here the comparative metagenomic study of three novel sites, formed in Pisciarelli as result of recent geothermal activity. This study adds comprehensive information about phylogenetic diversity within Pisciarelli hot springs by peeking into possible mechanisms of adaptation to biogeochemical cycles, and high applicative potential of the entire set of genes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism in this environment (CAZome). This site is an excellent model for the study of biodiversity on Earth and biosignature identification, and for the study of the origin and limits of life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Metagenomics of Three Geothermal Sites in Pisciarelli Hot Spring Focusing on the Biochemical Resources of the Microbial Consortia

et al. 2020

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“…The interest in extremophiles has boosted metagenomics studies of extreme environments [12][13][14][15][16], and, more recently, remarkable examples of the discovery of novel extremozymes for industrial applications from sequence-based screenings have been reported [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of hyperstable carbohydrate‐active enzymes through metagenomics of extreme environments

et al. 2019

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The enzymes from hyperthermophilic microorganisms populating volcanic sites represent interesting cases of protein adaptation and biotransformations under conditions where conventional enzymes quickly denature. The difficulties in cultivating extremophiles severely limit access to this class of biocatalysts. To circumvent this problem, we embarked on the exploration of the biodiversity of the solfatara Pisciarelli, Agnano (Naples, Italy), to discover hyperthermophilic carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) and to characterize the entire set of such enzymes in this environment (CAZome). Here, we report the results of the metagenomic analysis of two mud/water pools that greatly differ in both temperature and pH (T = 85 °C and pH 5.5; T = 92 °C and pH 1.5, for Pool1 and Pool2, respectively). DNA deep sequencing and following in silico analysis led to 14 934 and 17 652 complete ORFs in Pool1 and Pool2, respectively. They exclusively belonged to archaeal cells and viruses with great genera variance within the phylum Crenarchaeota, which reflected the difference in temperature and pH of the two Pools. Surprisingly, 30% and 62% of all of the reads obtained from Pool1 and 2, respectively, had no match in nucleotide databanks. Genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism were 15% and 16% of the total in the two Pools, with 278 and 308 putative CAZymes in Pool1 and 2, corresponding to ~ 2.0% of all ORFs. Biochemical characterization of two CAZymes of a previously unknown archaeon revealed a novel subfamily GH5_19 β‐mannanase/β‐1,3‐glucanase whose hemicellulose specificity correlates with the vegetation surrounding the sampling site, and a novel NAD+‐dependent GH109 with a previously unreported β‐N‐acetylglucosaminide/β‐glucoside specificity. Databases The sequencing reads are available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under the accession numbers SRR7545549 (Pool1) and SRR7545550 (Pool2). The sequences of GH5_Pool2 and GH109_Pool2 are available in GenBank database under the accession numbers MK869723 and MK86972, respectively. The environmental data relative to Pool1 and Pool2 (NCBI BioProject PRJNA481947) are available in the Biosamples database under the accession numbers SAMN09692669 (Pool1) and SAMN09692670 (Pool2).

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“…Further developments in sequencing, computation and bioinformatics might solve the problems associated with data mining for extremozymes and can help overcome the annotation difficulties in the near future. So far, we are currently seeing a boom of culture-independent methods for bioprospection of novel extremozymes from environmental metagenomes, which will help feed in the databases, opening the possibility to isolate and functionally characterize genes from unculturable extremophilic microorganisms (Khan and Sathya, 2018;Verma and Satyanarayana, 2020;Sysoev et al, 2021). On the other hand, there is a culture dependent functional approach for the discovery and development of novel extremozymes, which has been largely used over the years with proven successful results (Caceres-Moreno et al, 2019;Espina et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discovery Development and Production Of Novel Extremophilic Oxidoreductasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremophilic Oxidoreductases for the Industry: Five Successful Examples With Promising Projections

Espina

Atalah

Blamey

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In a global context where the development of more environmentally conscious technologies is an urgent need, the demand for enzymes for industrial processes is on the rise. Compared to conventional chemical catalysts, the implementation of biocatalysis presents important benefits including higher selectivity, increased sustainability, reduction in operating costs and low toxicity, which translate into cleaner production processes, lower environmental impact as well as increasing the safety of the operating staff. Most of the currently available commercial enzymes are of mesophilic origin, displaying optimal activity in narrow ranges of conditions, which limits their actual application under industrial settings. For this reason, enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms stand out for their specific characteristics, showing higher stability, activity and robustness than their mesophilic counterparts. Their unique structural adaptations allow them to resist denaturation at high temperatures and salinity, remain active at low temperatures, function at extremely acidic or alkaline pHs and high pressure, and participate in reactions in organic solvents and unconventional media. Because of the increased interest to replace chemical catalysts, the global enzymes market is continuously growing, with hydrolases being the most prominent type of enzymes, holding approximately two-third share, followed by oxidoreductases. The latter enzymes catalyze electron transfer reactions and are one of the most abundant classes of enzymes within cells. They hold a significant industrial potential, especially those from extremophiles, as their applications are multifold. In this article we aim to review the properties and potential applications of five different types of extremophilic oxidoreductases: laccases, hydrogenases, glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs), catalases and superoxide dismutases (SODs). This selection is based on the extensive experience of our research group working with these particular enzymes, from the discovery up to the development of commercial products available for the research market.

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Extremozymes from metagenome: Potential applications in food processing

Cited by 21 publications

References 104 publications

Spatial Metagenomics of Three Geothermal Sites in Pisciarelli Hot Spring Focusing on the Biochemical Resources of the Microbial Consortia

Spatial Metagenomics of Three Geothermal Sites in Pisciarelli Hot Spring Focusing on the Biochemical Resources of the Microbial Consortia

Discovery of hyperstable carbohydrate‐active enzymes through metagenomics of extreme environments

Extremophilic Oxidoreductases for the Industry: Five Successful Examples With Promising Projections

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