Extremophiles and Acidic Environments

Johnson, D. Barrie; Aguilera, Ángeles

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.90687-3

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Microbial communities that develop in acid polluted streams are very different from those that are found in local non-polluted streams (Mills & Mallory, 1987). However, it is now appreciated that the biodiversity of obligately acidophilic microorganisms active in highly acidic (pH ,3) metal-rich waters, such as AMD, is much greater than was previously recognized, and includes chemolithotrophic (iron-and/or sulfur-oxidizing) and heterotrophic prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) as well as eukaryotes, such as fungi, yeasts, algae and protozoa (Johnson & Aguilera, 2019). These microorganisms living in extreme acidity sometimes form communities with others of their own species, but also different species where a variety of interactions may occur.…”

Section: Impact Of Amd On the Biospherementioning

confidence: 92%

“…Some organic carbon may originate from the degradation of, for example, wooden pit props in underground mines. Primary production in mine waters themselves is mediated either by acid-tolerant micro-algae or by chemolithotrophic bacteria (Johnson & Aguilera, 2019).…”

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Amdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growths of 'acid streamers' have frequently been reported in flowing mine waters (Johnson & Aguilera, 2019). These are assemblages of bacteria and archaea, many of which oxidize ferrous iron, enmeshed in extracellular polymeric substances.…”

Section: Sulfate Reduction In Mine Drainage Waters and Other Extremelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological removal of sulfurous compounds and metals from inorganic wastewaters

Johnson¹,

Santos²

2020

Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulphur Pollution: Principles and Engineering

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Sulfur-rich wastewaters that contain relatively little dissolved organic carbon may be generated as a result of several industrial processes: for example, galvanic processes, scrubbing of flue gases at power plants and detoxification of metalcontaminated soils (Table 7.1). However, the mining of heavy metals and coal is, by far and away, responsible for generating the bulk of this type of industrial wastewater (Blowes et al., 2014). Sulfate-and metal-rich effluents produced at the sites of active and derelict mines are frequently referred to as 'acid mine (or rock) drainage' (AMD/ARD). ARD can also be found at sites that have not been impacted by mining, such as gossans in the high Arctic, and upstream of the large and historic mining works at the Rio Tinto, Spain. The pollution of global watercourses due to AMD is immense and occurs in countries that have legacies of historic as well as current mining operations. In the 1990s, it was estimated that there were between 20,000 and 50,000 mines releasing AMD in US Forest Service lands alone (USDA, 1993), impacting many thousands of kilometers of streams and rivers. Flooding of voids left by opencast mining creates 'pit lakes' that have variable chemistries (depending on the ore that was mined, and the local geology) but these are also often acidic and enriched with metals and sulfate (Geller et al., 1998; Sánchez España et al., 2013).

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Section: Impact Of Amd On the Biospherementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Chemical Characteristics Of Amdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological removal of sulfurous compounds and metals from inorganic wastewaters

Johnson¹,

Santos²

2020

Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulphur Pollution: Principles and Engineering

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“…The majority of acidophiles are prokaryotic microorganisms, including a large variety of bacteria and archaea [10,11]. Dissolved Fe 2+ is predominant in AMD and the majority of the microorganisms found in AMD exploit Fe 2+ as an electron donor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these Fe-oxidizing microorganisms act as pioneer primary producers in AMD waters, fixing CO 2 into organic matter [7,12]. In the group of acidophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria, it is possible to find highly specialized genera such as Leptospirillum, which only oxidizes Fe 2+ in aerobic conditions, together with other bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus, which can grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and which can use different energy sources [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

16S rRNA Gene-Based Profiling of the Microbial Community in an Acid Mine Drainage Fe Precipitate at Libiola Mine (Liguria, Italy)

et al. 2021

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Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a common environmental problem in many sulphide mines worldwide, and it is widely accepted that the microbial community plays a major role in keeping the process of acid generation active. The aim of this work is to describe, for the first time, the microbial community thriving in goethite and jarosite Fe precipitates from the AMD of the Libiola mine. The observed association is dominated by Proteobacteria (>50%), followed by Bacteroidetes (22.75%), Actinobacteria (7.13%), Acidobacteria (5.79%), Firmicutes (2.56%), and Nitrospirae (1.88%). Primary producers seem to be limited to macroalgae, with chemiolithotrophic strains being almost absent. A phylogenetic analysis of bacterial sequences highlighted the presence of heterotrophic bacteria, including genera actively involved in the AMD Fe cycle and genera (such as Cytophaga and Flavobacterium) that are able to reduce cellulose. The Fe precipitates constitute a microaerobic and complex environment in which many ecological niches are present, as proved by the wide range of bacterial species observed. This study is the first attempt to quantitatively characterize the microbial community of the studied area and constitutes a starting point to learn more about the microorganisms thriving in the AMD of the Libiola mine, as well as their potential applications.

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Isolation and Identification of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria

Prajapati

Patel

et al. 2021

Springer Protocols Handbooks

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Chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) play a key role in the sulfur cycle in natural and anthropogenic environments because of their enormous capacity to transform many sulfur compounds toxic to the environment. Sulfur is an essential element needed by plants and microorganisms. The SOB application leads to enhancement in the rate of natural oxidation of sulfur and sulfate ion production, which is readily available to the plants at any critical stage subsequent to increase plant yields. Although typically enrichment and isolation of SOB from the environment are done using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method for a long, the spread plate technique and direct plating technique have also been found to be effective, as discussed in this protocol chapter. Here we describe the use of different efficient media, and the use of pH indicator dyes in the isolation medium helps in the easy detection of a SOB. The identification of the SOB is mainly done using the 16S rRNA sequencing technique. It comprises the mapping of the sequence to the available databases followed phylogenetic analysis to infer the precise taxonomic assignment of the isolate.

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Extremophiles and Acidic Environments

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Biological removal of sulfurous compounds and metals from inorganic wastewaters

Biological removal of sulfurous compounds and metals from inorganic wastewaters

16S rRNA Gene-Based Profiling of the Microbial Community in an Acid Mine Drainage Fe Precipitate at Libiola Mine (Liguria, Italy)

Isolation and Identification of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria

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