Extremophiles

Madigan, Michael T.; Marrs, Barry L.

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0497-82

Cited by 161 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…Large-scale archaeal cultures are difficult to set up: medium evaporation has to be taken into account for hyperthermophilic cultures, and fermenters must be built of materials resistant to corrosion by the media required for growth of alkaliphiles, acidophiles and, particularly, halophiles. In addition, it is well established that the basal expression level of archaeal enzymes, although sufficient for their purification and characterization on a laboratory scale, is low with respect to that required for industrial purposes (Kelly and Deming 1988, Cowan 1992, Herbert 1992, Madigan and Marrs 1997. As a consequence, scientific interest has focused both on the design of innovative bioreactors to achieve higher biomasses and metabolite production rates, and on the development of techniques for cloning and expressing archaeal enzymes in mesophilic cell factories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Schiraldi

Giuliano

Rosa

2002

Archaea

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Summary Many archaea colonize extreme environments. They include hyperthermophiles, sulfur-metabolizing thermophiles, extreme halophiles and methanogens. Because extremophilic microorganisms have unusual properties, they are a potentially valuable resource in the development of novel biotechnological processes. Despite extensive research, however, there are few existing industrial applications of either archaeal biomass or archaeal enzymes. This review summarizes current knowledge about the biotechnological uses of archaea and archaeal enzymes with special attention to potential applications that are the subject of current experimental evaluation. Topics covered include cultivation methods, recent achievements in genomics, which are of key importance for the development of new biotechnological tools, and the application of wild-type biomasses, engineered microorganisms, enzymes and specific metabolites in particular bioprocesses of industrial interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Schiraldi

Giuliano

Rosa

2002

Archaea

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“…Keragaman hayati mikroba ini perlu digali secara sistematis dan mendalam melalui eksplorasi sebanyak mungkin mikroba dari lingkungan yang ekstrim. Salah satu lingkungan ekstrim yang dimiliki Indonesia adalah daerah vulkanik dengan keragaman mikroba yang memiliki kemampuan tumbuh pada kondisi ekstrim seperti suhu, pH, dan konsentrasi garam yang tinggi [1] . Pada daerah vulkanik terdapat jenis bakteri yang tumbuh dalam kondisi ekstrim, seperti bakteri termofilik yang berpotensi menghasilkan enzim termostabil.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

AMPLIFIKASI GEN 16S-rRNA BAKTERI TERMOFILIK DARI SUMBER AIR PANAS, GUNUNG PANCAR BOGOR

Suryani¹,

Ambarsari²,

Harahap³

2015

J.Ris.Kim.

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Exploration of thermophilic bacteria that produce thermostable enzyme is most useful in application for enzyme base industrial. The aim of of this research is to isolate and amplificate the 16S-rRNA gene from thermophilic bacteria isolate at hotspring, Mount of Pancar, Bogor. The research steps consist of bacteria isolation, chromosomal DNA extraction, and amplification of 16S-rRNA gene. The water sample as source for bacteria was collected from four cauldrons. Temperature and pH for each cauldron are red cauldron 75-80°C, pH 7; black cauldron 55°C, pH 7; white cauldron 57°C, pH 7; and saline cauldron 25°C, pH 6, respectively. The bacteria were cultivated at Luria Bertani (LB) and Thermus media. The chromosomal DNA have been extracted. Gene amplification of 16 S-rRNA have been carried out by using universal primer (Bac F1 and Uni B1). The size of amplicon is ± 1.5kb.

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“…These extremophiles, defined as organisms that thrive under conditions too extreme for human survival, 13 represent an important threat to astronauts and other humans who go into space. It is quite clear that this problem requires greater attention.…”

Section: Terrestrial Extremophiles In Clean Roomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Medicine: Medical Astrosociology in the Sickbay

Pass¹

2008

46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit

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[Abstract]. As human beings increasingly participate in outer space through their efforts dedicated to exploration, habitation, recreation, and exploitation of resources -in terms of the frequency of missions, the distance travelled, and the number of human beings participating -the importance of coping with their health needs will increase proportionally. The space environment exposes the human body to forces not experienced on the Earth. Examples include variable gravity fields and high radiation levels. We will need to focus more on space medicine and its implications. Even now, plans for professional astronauts to live and work on the Moon and eventually on Mars make medical issues more important than ever within the space community. More needs to be investigated about microgravity and its effects on the human body since long-duration space exploration presents the issue of long-term exposure to weightless conditions and harmful radiation. Additionally, it will become more important to society in general terms due to the growing need to educate and train physicians specializing in space and extreme environmental medicine -as well as astrosociologists who will specialize in these areas for reasons that transcend pure biology. For example, a great many of these implications involve ethnical questions related to risk, the acceptable allocation of resources, and other issues touching on social, cultural, psychological, and psychosocial considerations. In this context, astrosociology becomes relevant. Herein, the author preliminarily discusses some of the significant issues from an astrosociological (or multidisciplinary social-scientific) perspective. The time is now right for bringing in astrosociological issues, as their relevance will only increase with time. Planners within the space community need to take heed of them in order to make informed decisions impossible from strictly a status quo biomedical perspective. They will need to collaborate with scientists specializing in medical astrosociology.

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Extremophiles

Cited by 161 publications

References 0 publications

Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

AMPLIFIKASI GEN 16S-rRNA BAKTERI TERMOFILIK DARI SUMBER AIR PANAS, GUNUNG PANCAR BOGOR

Space Medicine: Medical Astrosociology in the Sickbay

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