Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields can impair spermatogenesis recovery after reversible testicular damage induced by heat

Tenório, Bruno Mendes; Filho, Moisés Bonifacio Alves Ferreira; Jimenez, George Chaves; Morais, Rosana Nogueira de; Peixoto, Christina Alves; Nogueira, Rejane Jurema Mansur Custódio; Silva, Valdemiro Amaro da

doi:10.3109/15368378.2013.795156

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Effect of a 60 Hz MF exposure on number (A), motility (B), and abnormality (C) of sperm from epididymis in rats. A recent report showed that ELF MF can impair spermatogenesis recovery after reversible testicular damage induced by heat shock (43 8C for 12 min) in rats [Tenorio et al, 2014]. Significant difference was decrease in the number of sperm in 200 mT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Further, Li et al [2010] showed that exposure to power frequency MFs in humans produced a higher risk of poor sperm quality, as well as decreased sperm density, vitality, normal morphology, and motility. A recent report showed that ELF MF can impair spermatogenesis recovery after reversible testicular damage induced by heat shock (43 8C for 12 min) in rats [Tenorio et al, 2014]. Thus, it can be speculated that increased testicular germ cell apoptosis may be an important feature of testicular function in MF exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The effect of 20‐week continuous 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on testicular function in sprague‐dawley rats

Park

Kim

et al. 2018

Bioelectromagnetics

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Accumulating evidence does not yet confirm the effect of power line frequency magnetic field (MF) on human health and fertility. We recently reported that, at continuous 60 Hz MF exposure in mice, the dose given as magnetic flux density (tesla; T) and duration of exposure was related to induce testicular germ cell apoptosis. We aimed to characterize the effect of a 20-week continuous exposure to 60 Hz MF on the motility, morphology, and number of sperm as well as the apoptosis of testicular germ cell in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 20 weeks to 60 Hz MF of 2, 20, or 200 mT for 24 h/day with rats exposed to sham conditions, serving as the control. The exposure to 60 Hz MF of 2 and 20 mT had no effects on testicular in this study. The exposure to 60 Hz MF of 200 mT for 20 weeks induced increases of the apoptotic cells (P < 0.001) in germ cells and decreases of sperm numbers (P < 0.05). However, the MF did not significantly affect the body or testis mass, seminiferous tubule diameter, or the motility or morphology of sperm. This study concluded that exposure to 60 Hz MF of 200 mT can increase testicular germ cell apoptosis, especially spermatogonia, and reduce sperm count. Also compared to previous mice studies, rats are less sensitive than mice to exposure to 60 Hz MF. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:539-546, 2018.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of 20‐week continuous 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on testicular function in sprague‐dawley rats

Park

Kim

et al. 2018

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Testosterone level in mice exposed to EMF for 16 weeks was not modified despite the marked increased germ cell apoptosis [26]. Differentiating spermatogenic cell apoptosis may occur in the early phase of ELF-MF exposure without alteration in the peripheral testosterone level [25,27,52], supporting the idea that the biological effect of MF exposure on germ cell apoptosis may not be hormonally mediated. Summarizing, cellular proliferation of Leydig cells may be induced at a relatively early phase after ELF-MF exposure.…”

Section: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal Axis and Emf Exposurementioning

confidence: 91%

“…In rats, ELF-MF can impair spermatogenesis recovery after heat-induced reversible testicular damage [52]. Ultrastructural changes in spermatogonia and spermatocyte occurred earlier than degeneration of Sertoli cells, suggesting that spermatogenic cells may be more sensitive to EMF exposure than Sertoli cells.…”

Section: Effect On Sperm Count and Testis Weightmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields on Reproductive Function in Rodents

Lee¹,

Park²,

Kim³

2016

Insights From Animal Reproduction

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Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) are defined as those having frequencies up to 300 Hz, representing a non-ionising radiation having photon energy too weak to interact with biomolecular systems. Exposure to low-frequency electric field and magnetic field (MF) generally results in negligible energy absorption in the body. However, it is well established that ELF-MF induces biologic effects in various cellular functions. ELF-MF acting as a co-inducer can potentiate weak mutagenic signalling. The concern about possible adverse effects on human health of long-term exposure to ELF-MFs, especially at frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz generated from power lines and electric devices, has been increasing. Conversely, long-term effects of chronic exposure have been excluded from the scope of the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) because of insufficient consistent scientific evidence to fix the thresholds for such possible biological effects. The results regarding the adverse effects of ELF-MF on human or animal reproductive functions are contradictory or inconclusive. Overall conclusion of epidemiologic studies on ambient residential MF exposure consistently failed to establish a link between human adverse reproductive outcomes and chronic maternal or paternal exposure to low-frequency MFs. In animal studies, there is no compelling evidence for a causal relationship between disturbed prenatal development and ELF-MF exposure. Testicular spermatogenesis progresses through a complexly regulated cellular process involving mitosis and meiosis; this process seems to be vulnerable to external stressors, such as heat, MF exposure or chemical and physical agents. Exposure to ELF-MF did significant risk impaired implantation or the foetal development in animal studies. However, there is some consistency in the increase of minor skeletal alterations in animal experiments. The evidence derived from recent studies in male mice demonstrates that ELF-MF exposure is involved with an increase in the frequency of apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Those results suggest that exposure to MF is related to possible cytogenetic effects on testicular germ cells and therefore may negatively affect reproduction. This chapter intends to present an overview on the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on the reproductive function and a plausible mechanism in rodent species.

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“…After producing the testicular histological sections, 50 images (.sfc format, 2048x1536 pixels) per animal were captured using an optical microscope (Motic BA300, Hong Kong, China), coupled to a digital camera MOTICAM 2300 (Motic, Hong Kong, China), connected to a microcomputer [Tenorio et al 2014]. Leydig cell area measurement was performed using the biometric software Images Plus 2.0 (Motic) calibrated for each objective.…”

Section: Computational Histometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine induces changes in the testicle and testosterone in adult male rats exposed via placenta and lactation

Filho

Torres

Amorim

et al. 2014

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

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Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat depression in pregnant and nursing women. However, recent studies have shown adverse effects in the male reproductive system after fluoxetine treatment. Aiming to analyze the extent of damage caused by fluoxetine in the testicle and safe doses for treatment during the perinatal period, the present study analyzed the effects of in utero exposure and exposure during lactation to fluoxetine in spermatogenesis of male rat offspring in adulthood. Wistar rat dams were orally treated with fluoxetine (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) from 13 days of gestation to lactation day 21 and their offspring were analyzed at 90 days old. Results showed a reduction in the weight of testes (16%), epididymis (28%), and seminal glands (18%) in animals exposed to fluoxetine 20 mg/kg compared to the control. Seminal gland weight was also reduced 25% and 30% in animals exposed to 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg fluoxetine, respectively. Body weight of animals exposed to 20 mg/kg fluoxetine was reduced from post-natal day 9 to 36 compared to controls but from the post-natal day 9 to 36 there was no statistical difference. The volume of seminiferous epithelium reduced 17% and the total volume of Leydig cells reduced 30% in the group exposed to fluoxetine at 20 mg/kg. Furthermore, Leydig cells volume reduced 29% in the 5 mg/kg group. The length of the seminiferous tubules reduced 17% and daily sperm production per testicle also reduced 18% in animals exposed to the highest dose of fluoxetine compared to controls. The individual area of Leydig cells increased 7% and plasma testosterone increased 49% in animals exposed to fluoxetine at 20 mg/kg. In conclusion, exposure to 20 mg/kg fluoxetine via the placenta and during lactation may change testosterone and testicular parameters important for sperm production and male fertility in adulthood.

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Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields can impair spermatogenesis recovery after reversible testicular damage induced by heat

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

The effect of 20‐week continuous 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on testicular function in sprague‐dawley rats

The effect of 20‐week continuous 60 Hz magnetic field exposure on testicular function in sprague‐dawley rats

The Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields on Reproductive Function in Rodents

Fluoxetine induces changes in the testicle and testosterone in adult male rats exposed via placenta and lactation

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