Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields enhance neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on graphene-based substrates

Seo

J Biomedical Materials Res

et al. 2017

Self Cite

Graphene is a noncytotoxic monolayer platform with unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. It has been demonstrated that graphene substrate may provide a promising biocompatible scaffold for stem cell therapy. Because chemical vapor deposited graphene has a two dimensional polycrystalline structure, it is important to control the individual domain size to obtain desirable properties for nano-material. However, the biological effects mediated by differences in domain size of graphene have not yet been reported. On the basis of the control of graphene domain achieved by one-step growth (1step-G, small domain) and two-step growth (2step-G, large domain) process, we found that the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) highly depended on the graphene domain size. The defects at the domain boundaries in 1step-G graphene was higher (38.5) and had a relatively low (13% lower) contact angle of water droplet than 2step-G graphene, leading to enhanced cellsubstrate adhesion and upregulated neuronal differentiation of hMSCs. We confirmed that the strong interactions between cells and defects at the domain boundaries in 1step-G graphene can be obtained due to their relatively high surface energy, which is stronger than interactions between cells and graphene surfaces. Our results may provide valuable information on the development of graphene-based scaffold by understanding which properties of graphene domain influence cell adhesion efficacy and stem cell differentiation.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Cells were seeded on glass or the two graphene substrates at a density of 8 × 10 5 cells cm −2 . Cell adhesion and calcium influx assays were performed as previously described …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in response to the domain size of graphene substrates

Seo

J Biomedical Materials Res

et al. 2017

Self Cite

Adv Healthcare Materials

“…Considering the positive influence of electrical stimulation in neural and axonal regeneration, the effect of combined chemical and electrical stimuli or only electrical stimuli on somatic stem cell transdifferentiation has also been recently investigated. [89][90][91][92][93][94][95] The effect of various electrical parameters including, voltage, frequency and electrical field strength, on stem cell differentiation was investigated using various conductive scaffolds. However, there is no detailed mechanistic study describing the electrical stimuli based differentiation of stem cells in the literature.…”

Section: Stem Cell Function Differentiation and Fate Commitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is no detailed mechanistic study describing the electrical stimuli based differentiation of stem cells in the literature. It was only hypothesized and reported that the promoted stem cell differentiation via electrical stimuli could result from the upregulation of specific signaling pathways including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (p38) [91,[96][97][98][99][100] , MAPK, PI3K, ROCK [92,101] and ERK pathway as well as the alteration of cellular membrane potential via hyperpolarization and/or depolarization, modification of ion channels, calcium channel activation [102][103][104] or the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. [92,105] For instance, Park et al [92] proposed that electromagnetic fields (EMF) induce NADH oxidase activation that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the plasma membrane.…”

Section: Stem Cell Function Differentiation and Fate Commitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Controlling Differentiation of Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Das

Ding

et al. 2018

Adult stems cells, possessing the ability to grow, migrate, proliferate, and transdifferentiate into various specific phenotypes, constitute a great asset for peripheral nerve regeneration. Adult stem cells' ability to undergo transdifferentiation is sensitive to various cell-to-cell interactions and external stimuli involving interactions with physical, mechanical, and chemical cues within their microenvironment. Various studies have employed different techniques for transdifferentiating adult stem cells from distinct sources into specific lineages (e.g., glial cells and neurons). These techniques include chemical and/or electrical induction as well as cell-to-cell interactions via co-culture along with the use of various 3D conduit/scaffold designs. Such scaffolds consist of unique materials that possess controllable physical/mechanical properties mimicking cells' natural extracellular matrix. However, current limitations regarding non-scalable transdifferentiation protocols, fate commitment of transdifferentiated stem cells, and conduit/scaffold design have required new strategies for effective stem cells transdifferentiation and implantation. In this progress report, a comprehensive review of recent advances in the transdifferentiation of adult stem cells via different approaches along with multifunctional conduit/scaffolds designs is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration. Potential cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with differentiation are also included. The discussion with current challenges in the field and an outlook toward future research directions is concluded.

“…The GO was prepared by a modied Hummers' method. 26,32 For this, the required amounts of graphite, powders were treated with NaNO 3 in H 2 SO 4 medium in an ice bath for 4 h followed by the addition of the KMnO 4 powder and stirred this solution at 40 C for 6 h. Aer this, the suspension was heated in a water bath medium at 98 C for 1 h followed by the addition of the H 2 O 2 solution. The mixture was washed with 10% HCl and deionized water several times followed by drying under the vacuum.…”

Section: Preparation Of Go and Go-coated Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells on electrospun cellulose nanocrystals/poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers on graphene oxide substrates

2019