Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field strengths of 400 kV transmission lines and 400kV sub-stations

Aravind, K.; Krishna, B. Vamsi; Devendranath, D.; Jha, I.S.; Bhowmick, Brinda; Rao, Satyanarayana; Kumar, B.N.V.R.C. Suresh

doi:10.1109/tdc.2014.6863510

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The origin of the other studies from upper middle income countries is displayed in Table 1 . Four studies were conducted in lower middle income countries, specifically India ( 30 ) , West-Bank and Gaza ( 18 , 19 ) and Tunisia ( 16 ) . We did not identify any study conducted in a low-income country (LIC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exposure studies consisted of 13 studies with indoor or outdoor measurements of exposure of ELF-MF and one study with calculated exposure based on data of power lines ( 22 ) ( Table 1 ). The voltage levels of the power lines differed between the included studies, namely 66 kV ( 19 ) , 90 kV ( 16 ) , 150 kV ( 16 ) , 154 kV ( 26 ) , 220 kV ( 20 ) , 225 kV ( 16 ) and 400 kV power lines ( 22 , 30 ) . One exposure study conducted in India ( 30 ) reported results of measurements inside a substation, in addition to measurements of 400 kV transmission lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The voltage levels of the power lines differed between the included studies, namely 66 kV ( 19 ) , 90 kV ( 16 ) , 150 kV ( 16 ) , 154 kV ( 26 ) , 220 kV ( 20 ) , 225 kV ( 16 ) and 400 kV power lines ( 22 , 30 ) . One exposure study conducted in India ( 30 ) reported results of measurements inside a substation, in addition to measurements of 400 kV transmission lines. Since a substation should only be accessible to persons working there and not the general population, we did not include the results of these specific measurements in our overview.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the remainder of our overview, we considered separately studies with personal measurements ( n = 1), with spot measurements (outdoor spot measurements ( n = 8), indoor spot measurements ( n = 6) and studies that reported separately on both ( n = 4)) and studies with other exposure assessment methods ( n = 4) ( Table 1 ). One study ( 28 ) with indoor and outdoor measurements was excluded from assignment to these categories as the authors did not report separate results from the measurement of indoor and outdoor exposure, and another study was excluded because we could not extract the exposure data from the figures with the required accuracy ( 30 ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Overview

Baaken

Wollschläger

Samaras

et al. 2020

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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To compare extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) exposure in the general population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with high-income countries (HIC), we carried out a systematic literature search resulting in 1483 potentially eligible articles; however, only 25 studies could be included in the qualitative synthesis. Studies showed large heterogeneity in design, exposure environment and exposure assessment. Exposure assessed by outdoor spot measurements ranged from 0.03 to 4μT. Average exposure by indoor spot measurements in homes ranged from 0.02 to 0.4μT. Proportions of homes exposed to a threshold of ≥0.3μT were many times higher in LMICs compared to HIC. Based on the limited data available, exposure to ELF-MF in LMICs appeared higher than in HIC, but a direct comparison is hampered by a lack of representative and systematic monitoring studies. Representative measurement studies on residential exposure to ELF-MF are needed in LMICs together with better standardisation in the reporting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Overview

Baaken

Wollschläger

Samaras

et al. 2020

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Assessment of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field of 400kV transmission lines and substations in Oman

Abdul Saleem,

Mihoub,

Al Hatmi

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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The present study is centered on the investigation of longitudinal and lateral profiles of Extremely low-frequency Electromagnetic field experiments conducted at three distinct locations in Oman. The investigation encompasses findings obtained from 400kV transmission lines and substations. The analysis of electric and magnetic fields emitted by transmission lines was conducted using an EHP-50F E&H field analyzer sensor set and an environmental meter. The measurements were conducted at 400kV transmission lines or to a distance of the insignificant field at the high-voltage substation, various components such as power transformers, CT (current transformers), PT (potential transformers), circuit breakers, reactors, earth switches, transport couplers, lightning arrestors, and other. This research in Oman marks the initial exploration of various factors pertaining to the Oman Electricity Transmission Company (OETC) and its technical standards, which are founded on optimal practices. These factors encompass the interphase spacing, the spacing between conductors within a bundle of twin conductors, the configuration of phases on a tower, the crosssectional area of conductors, and similar considerations. The proposed study aims to support the Sultanate of Oman's objective of establishing a high-quality smart transmission grid by 2030. This system will facilitate the efficient, reliable, and secure transfer and distribution of power, while also offering economic benefits. This research aims to cater to the needs of students and engineers by offering a highly practical approach that utilizes appropriate equipment. This article presents a systematic approach to the implementation of a smart transmission grid, incorporating the aforementioned attributes.

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Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field strengths of 400 kV transmission lines and 400kV sub-stations

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Overview

Exposure to Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: An Overview

Assessment of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field of 400kV transmission lines and substations in Oman

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