Extremely Low Exposure of a Community to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: False Seropositivity due to Use of Bacterially Derived Antigens

Leung, Doris; Maren, Wendy W. C. van; Chan, Francis K.L.; Chan, Wai Sing; Lo, Anthony W.I.; H., C.; Tam, Frankie C. H.; To, Ka‐Fai; Chan, Paul K.S.; Sung, Joseph J.Y.; Lim, Pak Leong

doi:10.1128/jvi.00649-06

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Bacterially expressed N-protein has been reported to produce false sero-positivity owing to interference of bacterially derived antigens (Leung et al, 2006;Yip et al, 2007). In addition, several studies have shown cross-reactivity between full-length N-protein of SARS and polyclonal antisera of group 1 animal coronaviruses, which may lead to faulty detection (Sun and Meng, 2004).…”

Section: N-protein: An Efficient Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein: A protein with multifarious activities

Surjit

Lal

2008

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

158

169

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Ever since the discovery of SARS-CoV in the year 2003, numerous researchers around the world have been working relentlessly to understand the biology of this virus. As in other coronaviruses, nucleocapsid (N) is one of the most crucial structural components of the SARS-CoV. Hence major attention has been focused on characterization of this protein. Independent studies conducted by several laboratories have elucidated significant insight into the primary function of this protein, which is to encapsidate the viral genome. In addition, many reports also suggest that this protein interferes with different cellular pathways, thus implying it to be a key regulatory component of the virus too. In the first part of this review, we will discuss these different properties of the N-protein in a consolidated manner. Further, this protein has also been proposed to be an efficient diagnostic tool and a candidate vaccine against the SARS-CoV. Hence, towards the end of this article, we will discuss some recent progress regarding the possible clinically relevant use of the N-protein.

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Section: N-protein: An Efficient Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein: A protein with multifarious activities

Surjit

Lal

2008

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

158

169

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“…7 A community-wide serological screening of 12,000 people in Hong Kong found an extremely low rate (0.008%) of asymptomatic SARS infection. 13 On the other hand, a recent case-control study in children did not reveal any clinical or initial laboratory results that might reliably differentiate SARS from pneumonia resulting from other viral or bacterial aetiologies. 12 In the early period of the epidemic, the major difficulty was the lack of a reliable and sensitive test for this infection.…”

Section: Sars: Epidemiology Clinical Presentation Diagnosis and Trementioning

confidence: 92%

Bird flu: lessons from SARS

Wong

Leung

2007

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza are two important newly emerged infections with pandemic potential. Both infections have crossed the species barrier to infect humans. SARS originated from southern China and spread to many countries in early 2003. The close collaboration of scientists around the world resulted in a rapid identification of the causative agent, and the early isolation of infected cases and meticulous infection control measures were the key to successfully controlling the outbreak of SARS. The first outbreak of human cases of avian influenza was reported in 1997 in Hong Kong. Since 2003, there have been many small outbreaks of human cases around the world, and the reported mortality is greater than 50%. Current evidence suggests that the human-to-human transmission of avian influenza is rather inefficient, but mutation might occur in the future resulting in improved transmission and possibly a pandemic in humans. As with the outbreak of SARS, the development of sensitive and accurate early diagnostic tests is extremely important for successful control of the outbreak at source. The availability of isolation facilities, the stockpiling of antiviral agents and effective and safe vaccination will be extremely important in minimising the damage of a new influenza pandemic.

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“…Cytospin preparations of Sf9 cells expressing OPN-O-or OPN-P-V5 protein were methanolfixed, blocked with 2.5% BSA and stained with the reagent mAb for 30 min at room temperature. Following incubation with FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse Ig antibodies (1:40) for 30 min at room temperature, the cells were examined by UV microscopy [35]. Anti-V5 antibody (Invitrogen) was used as a positive control.…”

Section: Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (Ifa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteopontin Fragments with Intact Thrombin-Sensitive Site Circulate in Cervical Cancer Patients

et al. 2016

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We investigated whether circulating osteopontin (OPN) could be used as a biomarker for cervical cancer. We employed a monoclonal antibody (mAb 659) specific for the unique and intact thrombin-sensitive site in OPN using an inhibition ELISA. We found significantly higher levels of OPN in 33 cervical cancer patients in both the plasma (mean +/- SD, 612 +/- 106 ng/mL) and serum (424 +/- 121 ng/mL) compared to healthy subjects [409 +/- 56 ng/mL, from 31 plasma samples (P < 0.0001), and 314 +/- 98 ng/mL, from 32 serum samples (P = 0.0002), respectively]. Similar results were obtained when the plasma from a bigger group (147 individuals) of cervical cancer patients (560 +/- 211 ng/mL) were compared with the same plasma samples of the healthy individuals (P = 0.0014). More significantly, the OPN level was highest in stage III-IV disease (614 +/- 210 ng/mL, from 52 individuals; P = 0.0001) and least and non-discriminatory in stage I (473 +/- 110 ng/mL, from 40 individuals; P = 0.5318). No such discrimination was found when a mAb of a different specificity (mAb 446) was used in a similar inhibition ELISA to compare the two groups in the first study; a commercial capture ELISA also failed. The possibility that the target epitope recognized by the antibody probe in these assays was absent from the circulating OPN due to protein truncation was supported by gel fractionation of the OPN found in patients’ plasma: 60–64 kDa fragments were found instead of the presumably full-length OPN (68 kDa) seen in healthy people. How these fragments are generated and what possible role they play in cancer biology remain interesting questions.

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Extremely Low Exposure of a Community to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: False Seropositivity due to Use of Bacterially Derived Antigens

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein: A protein with multifarious activities

The SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein: A protein with multifarious activities

Bird flu: lessons from SARS

Osteopontin Fragments with Intact Thrombin-Sensitive Site Circulate in Cervical Cancer Patients

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