Extremely High Levels of Corticosteroids and Low Levels of Corticosteroid Binding Macromolecule in Plasma of Marmoset Monkeys

Yamamoto, Satoshi; Utsu, Sachiko; Tanioka, Yoshikuni; Ohsawa, Nakaaki

doi:10.1530/acta.0.0850398

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As found in previous studies of marmosets and other New World monkeys (12,17,64), plasma cortisol values were approximately 5-10 times higher than those of Old World primates, including humans. Basal plasma cortisol concentrations of females housed in heterosexual pairs averaged 214.1 __-21.5 and 171.7 ---17.0 #g/dl at 0900 and 1145 h, respectively.…”

Section: Pregroup Formationsupporting

confidence: 80%

Social and reproductive influences on plasma cortisol in female marmoset monkeys

Saltzman

Schultz-Darken

Scheffler

et al. 1994

Physiology & Behavior

139

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Pregroup Formationsupporting

confidence: 80%

Social and reproductive influences on plasma cortisol in female marmoset monkeys

Saltzman

Schultz-Darken

Scheffler

et al. 1994

Physiology & Behavior

139

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The levels seen in New World primates, adjusted for weight and body surface area, were within and above the range seen in Cushing syndrome in man (30). However, although high plasma cortisol appears to be a common trait among most New World primate species, as evidenced by this study and others (8,9), we currently do not know if it offers some selective advantage for the survival of these species or whether it is merely the result of tolerated genetic drift (31). The former possibility is suggested because only high cortisol-producing New World primates seem to have survived.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…First, the guinea pig has long been known as a "corticoresistant" species (5); second, there is a single example ofresistance to cortisol in man (6,7). Two New World primates, the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) (8) and the marmoset (Callithrix argentatus and Saguinus oedipus) (9), have been shown to have markedly elevated plasma cortisol values without any physiologic evidence ofglucocorticoid hormone excess. Because these animals might be a model of glucocorticoid resistance, we examined some other aspects of cortisol secretion and transport and analyzed the properties of their glucocorticoid receptors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoid hormone resistance during primate evolution: receptor-mediated mechanisms.

Chrousos

Renquist

Brandon

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concentrations of total and protein-unbound plasma cortisol of New World monkeys are higher than those of Old World primates and prosimians. The urinary free-cortisol excretion also is increased markedly. However, there is no physiologic evidence ofincreased cortisol effect. These findings suggest end-organ resistance to glucocorticoids. This was confirmed by showing that the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is resistant to suppression by dexamethasone. To study this phenomenon, glucocorticoid receptors were examined in circulating mononuclear leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from both New and Old World species. The receptor content is the same in all species, but the New World monkeys have a markedly decreased binding affinity for dexamethasone. Thus, the resistance of these species to the action ofcortisol is due to the decreased binding affinity of the glucocorticoid receptor. This presumed mutation must have occurred after the bifurcation of Old and New World primates (=60 x 106 yr ago) and before the diversion of the New World primates from each other (-15 x 106 yr ago).End-organ resistance to steroid hormones has been described for androgens (1), aldosterone (2), progesterone (3), and vitamin D (4). There are no known examples of resistance to the action ofestradiol and only two examples ofresistance to cortisol. First, the guinea pig has long been known as a "corticoresistant" species (5); second, there is a single example ofresistance to cortisol in man (6, 7). Two New World primates, the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) (8) Lemurinae or Galaginae were studied. Plasma samples for assay of total and free cortisol, aldosterone, corticosterone, glucose, and electrolytes were obtained between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. by femoral artery puncture under ketamine anesthesia. Plasma samples were drawn during the 10-to 20-min period of anesthesia. Preliminary studies showed that the plasma cortisol concentrations measured at 2-min intervals were stable during this period of time. Human plasma samples were obtained by venipuncture at the same time of the day and, despite the differences in the sampling, have been used for comparison.Total plasma cortisol (10) and plasma corticosterone (11), aldosterone (12), and dexamethasone (13) were measured by previously described radioimmunoassays. Plasma glucose was measured by the hexokinase method (14). The cortisol not bound to protein (i.e., free) was estimated by equilibrium dialysis at 370C with 1:5 diluted plasma as described (15, 16). The concentration of unbound cortisol was calculated by applying the formula of Slaunwhite (17) and was corrected for the initial dilution.Twenty-four hour urine samples were collected in metabolic cages. Urinary free cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassay as described (18), and 24-hr urinary excretion was calculated.The suppressibility of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was examined by administering dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Decadron). Decadron was given intramuscularly at 8:00 p.m. to squirrel and...

show abstract

“…Similar endocrine systems may occur in other New World monkeys, since several species of the Cebidae and Callithrichidae reveal high levels of steroid hormones [Snipes et a!., 1969;Yamamoto et al, 1977], but further investigation is required to verify the comparative significance of these find ings on the squirrel monkey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Hormonal Response to Stress in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>)

Coe¹,

Mendoza²,

Davidson³

et al. 1978

Neuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pituitary-adrenal and gonadal responses following stress were evaluated in the squirrel monkey. Plasma levels of cortisol (CS), ACTH and testosterone (T) were determined during a 4-h period following the combined stress of capture and ether anesthesia. The results indicated that the squirrel monkey manifests higher basal levels of steroids than typically found in other mammals. The endocrine response following stress was biphasic, involving an initial elevation and subsequent decline in hormone levels. Males manifested significantly higher plasma levels of CS and T and lower plasma levels of ACTH than did females.

show abstract

Extremely High Levels of Corticosteroids and Low Levels of Corticosteroid Binding Macromolecule in Plasma of Marmoset Monkeys

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Social and reproductive influences on plasma cortisol in female marmoset monkeys

Social and reproductive influences on plasma cortisol in female marmoset monkeys

Glucocorticoid hormone resistance during primate evolution: receptor-mediated mechanisms.

Hormonal Response to Stress in the Squirrel Monkey (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About