Extremely high electric field strengths in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis

Palonen, Sami; Jussila, Matti; Porras, Simo P.; Hyötyläinen, Tuulia; Riekkola, Marja‐Liisa

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00557-x

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Earlier, we investigated the effect of field strengths up to 2000 Vcm 21 on the separation efficiency of some cationic drugs [6] and aromatic anionic analytes [7]. With the anionic analytes, propanolic BGE solution provided high separation efficiency, and the fairly linear dependency of the separation efficiency on the separation voltage pointed to mostly diffusion-controlled band broadening.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CE instrument was a laboratory-constructed model [6,7] specially designed for high-voltage separations. A Glassman high-voltage supply (Glassman High Voltage, Whitehouse Station, USA) was used for establishing the electrical field.…”

Section: Ce Instrument and Related Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to prevent voltage breakthroughs at higher voltages, the inlet vial cavity was electrically insulated with an oil bath of low viscosity transducer oil. Detection was performed at 214 nm with a modified HPLC detector (Jasco 870-UV; Tokyo, Japan) and instrument control, data acquisition, and analysis were accomplished as described earlier [6,7]. Reversed polarity was used to drive the anionic analytes to the detector, and voltages ranging from 230 kV to 260 kV were applied to achieve the separation.…”

Section: Ce Instrument and Related Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak dispersion and contributions to plate height in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis at high electric field strengths: Propanol as background electrolyte solvent

et al. 2003

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Peak dispersion effects in nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic separations of aromatic anionic analytes were investigated in a propanolic background electrolyte solution. Poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) coating was applied to the capillary to suppress the electroosmotic flow and to improve the repeatability of the migration times. Electrical field strengths up to 2000 Vcm(-1) were applied in separations and the separation efficiencies were compared with theoretical values calculated on the basis of plate height theory. The contributions to the total plate height were calculated for injection plug length, diffusion, Joule heating, electromigration dispersion, analyte adsorption to the capillary wall, and detector slit aperture length. Analyte diffusion coefficients were measured by Taylor dispersion method, while distribution constants were measured chromatographically. Agreement between the calculated and empirical results was fairly good even though some approximations were required. In most cases the longitudinal diffusion contribution governed the total plate height, while the contribution of Joule heating was insignificant even at exceptionally high field strengths used. The relatively long detection slit aperture was found to influence the separation efficiency strongly, while the other dispersion sources that were investigated were of minor importance, except for adsorption in the case of one analyte. With all analytes, the dispersive effect of longitudinal diffusion was reduced as the field strength was increased, leading to enhanced migration velocities and faster separations.

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Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ce Instrument and Related Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ce Instrument and Related Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak dispersion and contributions to plate height in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis at high electric field strengths: Propanol as background electrolyte solvent

et al. 2003

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“…Figure 4 presents a widerange interval for applied electric fields and the generated currents, in an Ohm's law plot. The Joule heating was not observed in this NACE system up to 800 V/cm, since the linearity was maintained in this range, i.e., the Joule heating was efficiently dissipated [39,40]. Therefore, the chosen electric field of 350 V/cm for peptide separation had no adverse contribution of Joule heating, presenting an advantage for this kind of nonaqueous electrolyte.…”

Section: Joule Heating Effectmentioning

confidence: 84%

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in coated capillaries: An interesting alternative for proteomic applications

et al. 2005

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This work brings together some contributions for the use of nonaqueous media for proteomic analysis, for both capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation and the preparation of tryptic digests. First, a ternary nonaqueous buffer consisting of 60/30/10 v/v methanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid with 12.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate was optimized for CE separation of the tryptic digest of lysozyme. Lysozyme was chosen as a model system for the protein digestion, which has also been prepared in an organic-rich medium with methanol/50 mmol/L NH(4)HCO(3), pH 8.0 (60/40 v/v). The separation results were compared to in silico (PeptideCutter program) digestion conditions, and high-efficiency peak separation (18 peaks) was obtained in 20 min with an electric field of 350 V/cm. In addition, we have evaluated the stability of a coated capillary with poly-N,N-dimethylacrylamide (60/30 cm total/effective length and 75 microm ID) for over 100 runs of tryptic digest with the nonaqueous background electrolyte solvent system. The migration times for ten selected peptide peaks presented 3-7% relative standard deviation.

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“…Indeed, these authors observed concave-convex-concave fluid velocity profiles from the inlet to the outlet of the capillary [28]. Porras et al [14,15] and Palonen et al [24,25] studied the influence of solvent on the fluid temperature and the thermal peakbroadening in CZE at high electric fields. They obtained significantly low separation efficiency at high electric fields, which could not be explained by the radial temperature gradients induced thermal plate height.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Band-broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis with axial temperature gradients

Xuan

2005

Electrophoresis

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It is widely accepted that Joule heating effects yield radial temperature gradients in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The resultant parabolic profile of electrophoretic velocity of analyte molecules is believed to increase the band-broadening via Taylor-Aris dispersion. This typically insignificant contribution, however, cannot explain the decrease in separation efficiency at high electric fields. We show that the additional band-broadening due to axial temperature gradients may provide the answer. These axial temperature variations result from the change of heat transfer condition along the capillary, which is often present in CZE with thermostating. In this case, the electric field becomes nonuniform due to the temperature dependence of fluid conductivity, and hence the induced pressure gradient is brought about to meet the mass continuity. This modification of the electroosmotic flow pattern can cause significant band-broadening. An analytical model is developed to predict the band-broadening in CZE with axial temperature gradients in terms of the theoretical plate height. We find that the resultant thermal plate height can be very high and even comparable to that due to molecular diffusion. This thermal plate height is much higher than that due to radial temperature gradients alone. The analytical model explains successfully the phenomena observed in previous experiments.

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Extremely high electric field strengths in non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Peak dispersion and contributions to plate height in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis at high electric field strengths: Propanol as background electrolyte solvent

Peak dispersion and contributions to plate height in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis at high electric field strengths: Propanol as background electrolyte solvent

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in coated capillaries: An interesting alternative for proteomic applications

Band-broadening in capillary zone electrophoresis with axial temperature gradients

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