Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

Sivis, Murat; Duwe, Matthias; Abel, Bernd; Ropers, Claus

doi:10.1038/nphys2590

Cited by 177 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Here, a specially designed nanostructure leads to field enhancement near the edges of these structures that can provide the required intensity for HHG. However, the usability of the latter is heavily debated in the community, and it remains unclear whether this approach is feasible 27 . A third possibility is to directly use high repetition rate laser systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring new avenues in high repetition rate table-top coherent extreme ultraviolet sources

et al. 2015

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The process of high harmonic generation (HHG) enables the development of table-top sources of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light. Although these are now matured sources, they still mostly rely on bulk laser technology that limits the attainable repetition rate to the low kilohertz regime. Moreover, many of the emerging applications of such light sources (e.g., photoelectron spectroscopy and microscopy, coherent diffractive imaging, or frequency metrology in the XUV spectral region) require an increase in the repetition rate. Ideally, these sources are operated with a multi-MHz repetition rate and deliver a high photon flux simultaneously. So far, this regime has been solely addressed using passive enhancement cavities together with low energy and high repetition rate lasers. Here, a novel route with significantly reduced complexity (omitting the requirement of an external actively stabilized resonator) is demonstrated that achieves the previously mentioned demanding parameters. A krypton-filled Kagome photonic crystal fiber is used for efficient nonlinear compression of 9 mJ, 250 fs pulses leading to ,7 mJ, 31 fs pulses at 10.7 MHz repetition rate. The compressed pulses are used for HHG in a gas jet. Particular attention is devoted to achieving phase-matched (transiently) generation yielding .10 13 photons s -1 (.50 mW) at 27.7 eV. This new spatially coherent XUV source improved the photon flux by four orders of magnitude for direct multi-MHZ experiments, thus demonstrating the considerable potential of this source.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring new avenues in high repetition rate table-top coherent extreme ultraviolet sources

et al. 2015

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“…Recently there has been extensive theoretical work looking at HHG driven by spatially nonhomogeneous fields [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. However, the initial sudden excitement about the utilization of plasmonic fields for HHG in the XUV range was put in debate by recent findings [41][42][43]. Fortunately, alternative ways to enhance coherent light were explored (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-order-harmonic generation driven by metal nanotip photoemission: Theory and simulations

et al. 2014

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We present theoretical predictions of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) resulting from the interaction of short femtosecond laser pulses with metal nanotips. It has been demonstrated that high energy electrons can be generated using nanotips as sources; furthermore the recollision mechanism has been proven to be the physical mechanism behind this photoemission. If recollision exists, it should be possible to convert the laser-gained energy by the electron in the continuum in a high energy photon. Consequently the emission of harmonic radiation appears to be viable, although it has not been experimentally demonstrated hitherto. We employ a quantum mechanical time dependent approach to model the electron dipole moment including both the laser experimental conditions and the bulk matter properties. The use of metal tips shall pave a new way of generating coherent XUV light with a femtosecond laser field.

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“…[8][9][10]); nevertheless, they have stimulated incessant and promising theoretical activities. The pioneering theoretical works performed on HHG driven by plasmonic fields have confirmed two main facts, namely: (i) an enhancement of the emitted harmonics signal, and (ii) a large extension in the harmonic cutoff.…”

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confidence: 99%

Double-electron recombination in high-order-harmonic generation driven by spatially inhomogeneous fields

2016

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We present theoretical studies of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) driven by plasmonic fields in two-electron atomic systems. Comparing the two-active electron and single-active electron approximation models of the negative hydrogen ion atom, we provide strong evidence that a double non-sequential two-electron recombination appears to be the main responsible for the HHG cutoff extension. Our analysis is carried out by means of a reduced one-dimensional numerical integration of the two-electron time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), and on investigations of the classical electron trajectories resulting from the Newton's equation of motion. Additional comparisons between the negative hydrogen ion and the helium atom suggest that the double recombination process depends distinctly on the atomic target. Our research paves the way to the understanding of strong field processes in multi-electronic systems driven by spatially inhomogeneous fields.PACS numbers: 42.65. Ky, 32.80.Rm, 33.20.Xx, 32.80 Qk, 42.50 Ct The incessant development of ultrafast, femtosecond (10 −15 fs) laser technology in the infrared (IR) regime opened new avenues to study a wide range of strong-field laser matter processes at their natural time scale [1][2][3]. These invaluable experimental and technological tools allowed physicists to address instrumental aspects of one of the most fundamental processes: the tunneling ionization of atoms and molecules [3]. In particular, the application of this laser technology provided a key factor for the understanding of the main mechanisms underlying the emission of coherent radiation from atoms or molecules [2, 4-6].As a matter of fact, one could say the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process fits within the tunneling ionization regime, when the Keldysh parameter, defined by γ = Ip 2Up , is γ ≤ 1. I p and U p = E 2 0 4ω 2 0 denote here the ionization potential of the atomic target, and the electron ponderomotive potential energy in atomic units, respectively. E 0 is the peak amplitude of the laser electric field and ω 0 the carrier frequency. The so-called three-step or "simple man's" picture describes the underlying physics behind the HHG phenomenon [5]. In the first step, occurring about the maximum of the strong laser electric field, the Coulomb potential is deformed in such a way that a potential barrier is formed. Then, the electron is able to tunnel out throughout this "atomic barrier", and the atom is then ionized. In the second step, or better to say phase, once the electron is in the continuum, the electric field of the laser accelerates it. Naturally, the electron gains energy from the oscillating field, converting it into a kinetic energy. Consequently, when the electric field changes its sign, the electron reverses the direction of its motion and has a certain probability to recombine back to the ground state of the remaining ion-core. In this third step it emits its energy excess as an attosecond burst of coherent radiation, typically in the XUV or EUV spectral range. In partic...

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Extreme-ultraviolet light generation in plasmonic nanostructures

Cited by 177 publications

References 122 publications

Exploring new avenues in high repetition rate table-top coherent extreme ultraviolet sources

Exploring new avenues in high repetition rate table-top coherent extreme ultraviolet sources

High-order-harmonic generation driven by metal nanotip photoemission: Theory and simulations

Double-electron recombination in high-order-harmonic generation driven by spatially inhomogeneous fields

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