Extreme ultra-violet spectra from laser-produced plasmas

Energy Levels of Iron, Fe I Through Fe XXVI

“…We have used improved wavelengths ofEdlen (1978) for the 3s-3p and 3p-3d transitions together with his earlier measurements for the level values. The uncertainty of the n = 3 levels is probably 5 cm-] and the higher ones ±200 em-I.Higher series members of ns, np, nd, and nf were identified byFawcett, Gabriel, Irons, Peacock, and Saunders (1966) between 27 and 64 A o. The values of the 5p, 6p, 6d, 7d, and 8d terms given below were derived by using the wavelengths of…”

VUV/EUV ionising radiation and atoms and ions: dual laser plasma investigations

“…Gabriel (1970)). From the sixties, Fawcett et al (1966), it was realized that the hot dense plasma formed when a Q-switched laser pulse is focused on a target in vacuum constitutes an extremely versatile spectral line source, allowing systematic studies of high ion stages of almost all elements. Laser produced plasmas (Richardson 2000), which provide laboratory-calibrated spectra, have been used widely to generate data banks enabling the identification of many spectral lines from astrophysical sources including the sun and from fusion plasmas.…”

Astronomical masers and lasers

“…T h e grating was ruled with 600 lines/" blazed at 1". I n front of the entrance slit was a mechanical rotating shutter synchronized with the discharge and admitting discharge light to the spectrograph for a brief selected time (Fawcett and Gabriel 1966). This length of time was chosen as 2 ps in the centre of the first half cycle of the main bank.…”

“…The spectra of many-times ionized neon have been studied in the past. Lines of Ne VII and Ne VIII have been classified in the past in the region 50-140 A by Fawcett et al (1964) and by House and Sawyer (1964) both employing fast 8-pinch discharges.…”