Extreme storm events, landscape denudation, and carbon sequestration: Typhoon Mindulle, Choshui River, Taiwan

Goldsmith, Steven T.; Carey, Anne E.; Lyons, W. Berry; Kao, Shuh Ji; Lee, T. Y.; Chen, Jean

doi:10.1130/g24624a.1

Cited by 119 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, due to logistical complexities, few studies have successfully sampled sediment and chemistry during the very large storms that occur in the tropics (Alexander et al 1996;Goldsmith et al 2008;Haire 1972;Hicks et al 2000). In these studies, the highest runoff rates that were sampled and analyzed for a complete suite of major solutes and nutrients were 9.8 mm/h in a tropical river and 12.8 mm/h in a temperate river (Stallard 2012c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Assessment of Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Responses in Research Watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico Using Runoff–Concentration Relations

Stallard

Murphy

2013

Aquat Geochem

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An examination of the relation between runoff rate, R, and concentration, C, of twelve major constituents in four small watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico demonstrates a consistent pattern of responses. For solutes that are not substantially bioactive (alkalinity, silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride), the log(R)-log(C) relation is almost linear and can be described as a weighted average of two sources, bedrock weathering and atmospheric deposition. The slope of the relation for each solute depends on the respective source contributions to the total river load. If a solute were strictly derived from bedrock weathering, the slope would be -0.3 to -0.4, whereas if strictly derived from atmospheric deposition, the slope would be approximately -0.1. The bioactive constituents (dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and potassium), which are recycled by plants and concentrated in shallow soil, demonstrate nearly flat or downward-arched log(R)-log(C) relations. The peak of the arch represents a transition from dominantly soil-matrix flow to near-surface macropore flow, and finally to overland flow. At highest observed R (80 to [90 mm/h), essentially all reactive surfaces have become wetted, and the input rate of C becomes independent of R (log(R)-log(C) slope of -1). The highest R are tenfold greater than any previous study. Slight clockwise hysteresis for many solutes in the rivers with riparian zones or substantial hyporheic flows indicates that these settings may act as mixing end-members. Particulate constituents (suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon) show slight clockwise hysteresis, indicating mobilization of stored sediment during rising stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Assessment of Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Responses in Research Watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico Using Runoff–Concentration Relations

Stallard

Murphy

2013

Aquat Geochem

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“…Dixon et al, 1994;Zech et al, 1997), high intensity storms (e.g. Goldsmith et al, 2008, Thothong et al, 2011 as well as deforestation and land use change are responsible for high soil carbon losses and deliv-eries to rivers. Deforestation in Laos was estimated to release ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The yields of the tropical rivers of Southeast Asia supply large quantities of carbon to the ocean. The origin and dynamics of particulate organic matter were studied in the Houay Xon River catchment located in northern Laos during the first erosive flood of the rainy season in May 2012. This cultivated catchment is equipped with three successive gauging stations draining areas ranging between 0.2 and 11.6 km 2 on the main stem of the permanent stream, and two additional stations draining 0.6 ha hillslopes. In addition, the sequential monitoring of rainwater, overland flow and suspended organic matter compositions was conducted at the 1 m 2 plot scale during a storm. The composition of particulate organic matter (total organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations, δ 13 C and δ 15 N) was determined for suspended sediment, soil surface (top 2 cm) and soil subsurface (gullies and riverbanks) samples collected in the catchment (n = 57, 65 and 11, respectively). Hydrograph separation of event water was achieved using water electric conductivity and δ 18 O measurements for rainfall, overland flow and river water base flow (n = 9, 30 and 57, respectively). The composition of particulate organic matter indicates that upstream suspended sediments mainly originated from cultivated soils labelled by their C 3 vegetation cover (upland rice, fallow vegetation and teak plantations). In contrast, channel banks characterized by C 4 vegetation (Napier grass) supplied significant quantities of sediment to the river during the flood rising stage at the upstream station as well as in downstream river sections. The highest runoff coefficient (11.7 %), sediment specific yield (433 kg ha −1 ), total organic carbon specific yield (8.3 kg C ha −1 ) and overland flow contribution (78-100 %) were found downstream of reforested areas planted with teaks. Swamps located along the main stream acted as sediment filters and controlled the composition of suspended organic matter. Total organic carbon specific yields were particularly high because they occurred during the first erosive storm of the rainy season, just after the period of slash-andburn operations in the catchment.

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“…), implying that the higher atmospheric temperature and plentyful Figure 2 Relationships between element ratios in runoffs, normalized with respect to Na [10]. precipitation accelerate the chemical weathering of silicate minerals [21]. The dilution effect of rain runoff on the other ions is evident.…”

Section: Solute Dilution In Surface Water By Rain Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of carbon sinks in chemical weathering in a humid subtropical mountainous basin

et al. 2011

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The fluvial geochemistry of the mainstream and tributaries of the Zengjiang River was investigated, and the mass balance approach and deduction methods were used to estimate the uptake of atmospheric CO 2 through rock chemical weathering. The results showed that the chemical runoff mainly consisted of HCO 3 − , Ca 2+ , Na + , and dissolved Si, and that silicate mineral weathering was significant, but carbonate mineral weathering was a minor source of dissolved loads in the Zengjiang River basin because of the low amount of interlayered carbonate rock strata in the catchment. The ion composition indicated that atmospheric CO 2 was the primary erosive agent for rock chemical weathering in the Zengjiang River basin. The CO 2 consumption fluxes caused by rock chemical weathering were (3.50-3.81) × 10 5 mol km, which is just lower than that in tropical and subtropical basalt and carbonate regions, and is much higher than that in temperate and cold-temperate regions, indicating that surficial chemical weathering processes in the humid and hot monsoon current influencing the low-middle latitude zone of the Northern Hemisphere constitutes a significant carbon sink in the global biogeochemical cycle.

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Extreme storm events, landscape denudation, and carbon sequestration: Typhoon Mindulle, Choshui River, Taiwan

Cited by 119 publications

References 2 publications

A Unified Assessment of Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Responses in Research Watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico Using Runoff–Concentration Relations

A Unified Assessment of Hydrologic and Biogeochemical Responses in Research Watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico Using Runoff–Concentration Relations

Sources and export of particle-borne organic matter during a monsoon flood in a catchment of northern Laos

Estimation of carbon sinks in chemical weathering in a humid subtropical mountainous basin

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