Extreme spawning-site fidelity in Atlantic cod

Skjæraasen, Jon Egil; Meager, Justin J.; Karlsen, Ørjan; Hutchings, Jeffrey A.; Fernö, Anders

doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsr055

Cited by 73 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…One could argue that this population spawned in the Skagerrak or Kattegat during the Viking Age, but such a scenario is implausible; historical records of the Norwegian fisheries since the 12th century show that spatial fluctuations in the distribution of fishing effort targeting these spawning aggregations have been restricted (43,66). Furthermore, our ancient data are also consistent with observed long-term spawning fidelity in the North Sea region (67,68); the genetic affinity of the ancient Orkney population, a focus of fishing since the Viking Age (69), agrees with those of modern individuals living in the North Sea. Similarly, we observe the specific affinity of one ancient Schleswig specimen toward a distinct population in the Øresund (70).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

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Boessenkool

Gondek

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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Knowledge of the range and chronology of historic trade and long-distance transport of natural resources is essential for determining the impacts of past human activities on marine environments. However, the specific biological sources of imported fauna are often difficult to identify, in particular if species have a wide spatial distribution and lack clear osteological or isotopic differentiation between populations. Here, we report that ancient fishbone remains, despite being porous, brittle, and light, provide an excellent source of endogenous DNA (15-46%) of sufficient quality for whole-genome reconstruction. By comparing ancient sequence data to that of modern specimens, we determine the biological origin of 15 Viking Age (800-1066 CE) and subsequent medieval (1066-1280 CE) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) specimens from excavation sites in Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Archaeological context indicates that one of these sites was a fishing settlement for the procurement of local catches, whereas the other localities were centers of trade. Fish from the trade sites show a mixed ancestry and are statistically differentiated from local fish populations. Moreover, Viking Age samples from Haithabu, Germany, are traced back to the North East Arctic Atlantic cod population that has supported the Lofoten fisheries of Norway for centuries. Our results resolve a long-standing controversial hypothesis and indicate that the marine resources of the North Atlantic Ocean were used to sustain an international demand for protein as far back as the Viking Age.genomics | high-throughput sequencing | trade | chromosomal inversion | fish bone

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Star

Boessenkool

Gondek

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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“…Together, these observations suggest a high degree of natal homing and spawning fidelity, but not necessarily to natal spawning areas (Beacham et al 2008), and some fish do stray to other spawning grounds. Evidence for spawning fidelity in marine fish has been reported in Atlantic cod (Green and Wroblewski 2000;Wright et al 2006;Skjaeraasen et al 2011) even for long distance (Bonanomi et al 2016), North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) (Hunter et al 2003), and bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus) in the western Atlantic (Nemerson et al 2000). All of our samples were collected in the spawning grounds and almost all fish were mature, suggesting that the stable pattern of gene flow was the result of straying of spawning fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and persistence of Pacific herring following the Great Tohoku earthquake

et al. 2016

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“…Spending most of their lives on or near the sea floor, commercially harvested groundfish species include cod, haddock, halibut, flounders, pollock, whiting, hake, redfish, and monkfish. Some comprise metapopulations, with subpopulations mixing at times in deeper water, then returning seasonally to shallower natal spawning grounds in more dense concentrations (Bigelow 1924;Ames 2004;Reich and DeAlteris 2009;Skjaeraasen et al 2011). Most groundfish are harvested with otter trawls dragged behind boats more than 40′ long, and some exceeding 100'.…”

Section: Case Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting a knowledge commons: collective action, transparency, and innovation at the Portland Fish Exchange

Brewer

2014

Int J Commons

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While localist visions of alternative food systems advocate for the expansion of local ecological knowledge through more proximate producerconsumer relationships, globalized seafood supply-demand chains persist. Moving beyond this dichotomy, commons scholars recognize that collective action among resource users at the local level can shape cross-scalar producer relations with government and more capitalized firms operating in regional and global markets. In the case of the New England groundfishery, a quasi-public fish auction not only transformed the scalar, logistical, and financial parameters of harvester-buyer relationships, it altered the production and use of local knowledge among some harvesters, and their technological choices. Resulting markets offer potential benefits that extend to broader publics, by increasing the monetary value and experimental development of a knowledge commons. Qualitative analysis of field data shows that with new market transparency, fish are no longer valued as an undifferentiated commodity, but as a variety of products with individually nuanced price structures. Displacement of local seafood buyers incurred some shoreside job losses, but fishers on smaller, owner-operated boats in multi-generational fishing harbours benefit particularly from new opportunities compared to larger, fleet boats due to different labour relations, allocations of decision-making responsibilities, observational contexts, and associated information flows. Implications for the mobilization of knowledge-action linkages to influence formal resource management arenas merit further research. 156Jennifer F. Brewer of Geography, Planning, and Environment. In addition to many anonymous informants, I wish to thank past and present staff of the Northwest Atlantic Marine Alliance and members of the Fish Locally Collaborative for building a big tent, asking hard questions, seeking informed solutions, and maintaining a deeply integrative and committed spirit. Thank you also to the editors and anonymous reviewers, for their insightful and supportive comments.

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Extreme spawning-site fidelity in Atlantic cod

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Population structure and persistence of Pacific herring following the Great Tohoku earthquake

Harvesting a knowledge commons: collective action, transparency, and innovation at the Portland Fish Exchange

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