Extreme prematurity and neuropsychological outcome in the preschool years

Raz, Sarah; DeBastos, Angela K.; Newman, Julie Bapp; Batton, Daniel G.

doi:10.1017/s1355617709991147

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…However, survival at current lower viability limits is associated with more immature brain development than for survivable birth in past decades. Therefore, researchers tend to endorse use of age correction further along the developmental spectrum (Anderson and Doyle 2003;Raz et al 2009). Empirical evidence remains lacking for when age correction is no longer necessary.…”

Section: Preterm Birth Terminology Incidence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome: A Review of Four Decades of Cognitive Research

Baron

Rey‐Casserly

2010

Neuropsychol Rev

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Premature birth incidence and survival rates are increasing steadily due to advances in obstetric and neonatal intensive care. Those born at the limits of viability are highly at-risk of adverse neurocognitive function over their lifespan, leading to current controversy regarding aggressive resuscitation efforts for these extremely preterm children. However, data from earlier generation cohorts who were born in substantially different eras of neonatal intensive care cannot be relied on to predict outcome of today's newborn. Our review by the crucial variable of birth cohort year shows a changing developmental trajectory in which today's extremely preterm survivor is likely to have fewer severe medical complications, better neurological outcomes, and fewer adverse cognitive late effects. Such data further underscore the importance of concurrently considering medical, familial, socioenvironmental, and neurobiological factors in combination with individual neonatal intensive care center protocols when studying outcomes of the preterm child. This complex, interrelated range of factors directly affects the immature, rapidly developing premature brain. However, ongoing surveillance to detect subsequent delay or impairment and to apply interventional strategies early in the developmental course holds promise for further enhancement of functional outcome.

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Section: Preterm Birth Terminology Incidence and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome: A Review of Four Decades of Cognitive Research

Baron

Rey‐Casserly

2010

Neuropsychol Rev

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“…Human clinical data also reveal sex differences in behavioral outcome following early neonatal insults, with premature/very-low-birth-weight male infants showing more long-term cognitive deficits as compared to females, even when matched for injury [39,40,41,42,43]. For example, prematurely born males with intracranial bleeds or respiratory complications leading to HI risk show significantly reduced IQ at early school age as compared to matched females [44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis with Embelin Differentially Affects Male versus Female Behavioral Outcome following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats

et al. 2011

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Hypoxia-ischemia (HI; concurrent oxygen/blood deficiency) and associated encephalopathy represent a common cause of neurological injury in premature/low-birth-weight infants and term infants with birth complications. Resulting behavioral impairments include cognitive and/or sensory processing deficits, as well as language disabilities, and clinical evidence shows that male infants with HI exhibit more severe cognitive deficits compared to females with equivalent injury. Evidence also demonstrates activation of sex-dependent apoptotic pathways following HI events, with males preferentially activating a caspase-independent cascade of cell death and females preferentially activating a caspase-dependent cascade following neonatal hypoxic and/or ischemic insults. Based on these combined data, the ‘female protection’ following HI injury may reflect the endogenous X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), which effectively binds effector caspases and halts downstream cleavage of effector caspases (thus reducing cell death). To test this theory, the current study utilized neonatal injections of vehicle or embelin (a small molecule inhibitor of XIAP) in male and female rats with or without induced HI injury on postnatal day 7 (P7). Subsequent behavioral testing using a clinically relevant task revealed that the inhibition of XIAP exacerbated HI-induced persistent behavioral deficits in females, with no effect on HI males. These results support sex differences in mechanisms of cell death following early HI injuries, and suggest a potential clinical benefit from the development of sex-specific neuroprotectants for the treatment of HI.

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“…Comme le taux de survie de ces bébés augmente, l'incidence des déficits cognitifs, intellectuels, des troubles d'apprentissage, des troubles du déficit d'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH), des problèmes comportementaux et sociaux augmente également. (Anderson & Doyle, 2008;Anderson, Doyle, & Victorian Infant Collaborative Study, 2004;Aylward, 2002;Bayless, Pit-ten Cate, & Stevenson, 2008;Bhutta, Cleves, Casey, Cradock, & Anand, 2002;Méio et al, 2004;Moster, Lie, & Markestad, 2008;Raz, Debastos, Newman, & Batton, 2009) …”

Section: Troubles Cognitifs Comportementaux Et D'apprentissage Associésunclassified

“…Avant cet âge, il est plutôt question de « retard » ou de « délai » dans le développement cognitif que de déficits cognitifs spécifiques. À cet effet, des études rapportent qu'à l'âge de 30 mois, 30% à 40% des bébés nés à un âge gestationnel de 26 semaines et moins montrent un délai modéré à sévère au niveau cognitif ou moteur (Doyle & the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group, 2004;Jacobs, O'Brien, Inwood, Kelly, & Whyte, 2000;Raz, et al, 2009). Non seulement ces retards persistent jusqu'à l'âge de six ans, mais à cet âge leur prévalence atteint les 46% (Marlow, Wolke, Bracewell, Samara, & E. PICure Study Group, 2005).…”

Section: Fonctionnement Intellectuelunclassified

“…QI < -2 écart-type par rapport à la moyenne) chez les enfants nés prématurément, ont montré que le taux de déficience varie entre 4.4 à 35% selon les études, comparativement à 0.4% chez les enfants nés à terme (Moster, et al, 2008;Roberts, Anderson, & Doyle, 2009). De plus, les enfants de 4-5 ans nés entre 23 et 25 semaines gestationnelles présenteraient un QI de performance (QIP) significativement plus bas que leur QI verbal (QIV) comparativement à ceux nés entre 26 et 27 semaines, ce qui soutient les résultats d'autres études montrant que la prévalence des déficits intellectuels augmente avec une diminution de l'âge gestationnel (Aylward, 2002;Raz, et al, 2009 Stevenson (2008), un QI plus faible serait associé avec un bien-être émotionnel et des habiletés pro-sociales plus faibles chez les enfants prématurés, les rendant encore plus à risque d'éprouver des difficultés dans leur vie quotidienne, que ce soit à l'école, à la maison ou lorsqu'ils entrent en relation avec leur pairs.…”

Section: Le Fonctionnement Intellectuelunclassified

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Les troubles cognitifs, comportementaux et d’apprentissage chez les enfants nés prématurément : une revue de littérature

Sayeur

McKerral

Lassonde

2011

Neuropsicol. lat.am.

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ResumenLos nacimientos prematuros (≤ 37 semanas de gestación) se consideran una de las causas más importantes de mortalidad perinatal en las sociedades industrializadas. Hoy en día, gracias a la mejora de los cuidados pre-peri-y post-natales, es posible salvar a niños con edades y pesos gestacionales significativamente menores que anteriormente. Con el aumento de la tasa de supervivencia, cada vez más estudios se interesan por el impacto de la prematuridad en el neurodesarrollo de niños nacidos a las 37 semanas de gestación o incluso antes. En efecto, los estudios realizados hasta este momento indican que los niños prematuros tienen alto riesgo de presentar problemas de orden cognitivo, comportamental y de aprendizaje. Los mismos pueden mantenerse hasta la edad escolar e incluso hasta la adolescencia y la edad adulta. Esta revisión de la literatura tiene por objeto presentar los distintos problemas cognitivos, comportamentales y de aprendizaje documentados en estudios recientes interesados por las consecuencias de la prematuridad. Palabras clave: Prematuridad; cognición; comportamiento; problemas de aprendizaje. ResumoNascimentos pré-termo (≤ 37 gestational weeks) tem sido identificados como uma das causas mais importantes de mortalidade perinatal em sociedades industrializadas. Com a melhoria dos serviços pré-peri-e pós-natais, atualmente é possível salvar estas crianças com significativos baixos peso e idade gestacional. Frente às crescentes taxas de sobrevivência, cada vez mais estudos abordam o impacto da prematuridade no neurodesenvolvimento de crianças nascidas até 37 semanas de gestação. Pesquisas até então sugerem que crianças prematuras apresentam alto risco de dificuldades cognitivas, comportamentais e de aprendizagem, sendo que estas últimas podem se prolongar até a idade escolar, mantendo-se até mesmo na adolescência e/ou vida adulta. Esta revisão visou a identificar tais dificuldades em investigações recentes sobre as consequências da prematuridade. Palavras-chave: Prematuridade; cognição; comportamento; dificuldades de aprendizagem. AbstractPreterm births (≤ 37 gestational weeks) have been identified as one of the most important cause of perinatal mortality in industrialized societies. With improvement in pre-peri-and post-natal care, it is now possible to save these children at significantly lower weight and gestational age than previously. With increasing survival rates, more and more studies address the impact of prematurity on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born at or before 37 weeks of gestation. Studies to date indicate that children born prematurely are at high risk of experiencing cognitive, behavioural and learning problems, and that the latter can last up to school age and even into adolescence and/or adulthood. The aim of this review is to identify the various cognitive, behavioural and learning difficulties documented in recent studies investigating the consequences of prematurity.

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Extreme prematurity and neuropsychological outcome in the preschool years

Cited by 31 publications

References 53 publications

Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome: A Review of Four Decades of Cognitive Research

Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome: A Review of Four Decades of Cognitive Research

Inhibition of X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis with Embelin Differentially Affects Male versus Female Behavioral Outcome following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats

Les troubles cognitifs, comportementaux et d’apprentissage chez les enfants nés prématurément : une revue de littérature

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