Extreme Precipitation Indices over China in CMIP5 Models. Part II: Probabilistic Projection

Abstract

The present article is the second part of a study on the extreme precipitation indices over China in CMIP5 models that perform a probabilistic projection of future precipitation indices with reference to the period 1986–2005. This is realized with a rank-based weighting method. The ranking of the 25 models is done according to their performance in simulating rainfall indices in present-day climate. Such weights are used to form a weighted ensemble for future climate projection. Results show that, compared to the unweighted raw ensemble, the projection with the weighted scheme is more credible, as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of indices is larger from the weighted ensemble. From the beginning of the mid-twenty-first century, changes of wet indices with probability >0.5 increase significantly, especially over western China and the Yellow–Huai River basin, where the changes of all wet indices are in excess of 10%, the increase of total precipitation (PRCPTOT) can reach up to 20% over western China at the end of twenty-first century, and the SNR of PRCPTOT and precipitation intensity (SDII) is the highest at those two regions. This indicates that the precipitation in those regions has a high reliability to become more extreme. The maximum consecutive dry days (CDD) decreases throughout the north of 30°N, which shows that drought conditions in northern China would be reduced, and they are more likely to increase in southern China. However, the SNR for projection of CDD is less than 1.0 almost everywhere. Such a situation seems related to a strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon and the associated northward shift of the monsoon front.

The Large‐Scale Circulation Patterns Responsible for Extreme Precipitation Over the North China Plain in Midsummer

“…The continuous supply of water vapor is an important factor for extreme precipitation (Li, Jiang, et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2018;Zhao, Xu, Liu et al, 2019). To investigate the water vapor transport associated with extreme precipitation over the NCP in midsummer, the vertically integrated water vapor fluxes are calculated as follows:…”

On the Emergence of Anthropogenic Signal in Extreme Precipitation Change Over China

“…Some studies have found increases in the intensity and probability of extreme precipitation over China in the future with global warming (Feng et al, ; W. Li et al, ; W. Li, Jiang, et al, ; Zhou et al, ). However, few studies have focused on the timing of the emergence of climate change signal from natural variability.…”

“…Some studies have found increases in the intensity and probability of extreme precipitation over China in the future with global warming (Feng et al, 2011;W. Li et al, 2016;W.…”

Global warming from 1.5 to 2 °C will lead to increase in precipitation intensity in China

“…The time-slice method can describe climate change under conditions of constant greenhouse gas concentrations into the future and then provide guidance for mitigation and adaptation strategies for certain periods (Allen and Ingram, 2002;Chen, 2013;Li et al, 2016). However, different models result in different global temperature responses for a given year because of climate sensitivity and other feedback processes.…”