Extreme levels of intra-specific divergence among Cape Peninsula populations of the Cape galaxias,<i>Galaxias zebratus</i>Castelnau 1861, reveals a possible species complex

Wishart, Marcus J.; Hughes, Jane; Stewart, Barbara A.; Impson, Dean

doi:10.2989/16085910609503876

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The existence of such high taxonomic diversity within a small portion of the Eastern Afromontane Region is consistent with findings from a number of previous studies that have uncovered substantial hidden diversity and narrow range endemic species (or lineages) within several stream fishes that were previously thought to have wide geographic ranges in southern Africa (e.g., Chakona et al 2013; Goodier et al 2011; Maake et al 2014; Morris et al 2015; Swartz et al 2007, 2009; Wishart et al 2006). Results of the present study thus add to the growing board of evidence that shows that a large proportion of freshwater fishes in southern Africa remain scientifically undocumented, because many river systems remain poorly explored as much of the previous research effort and application of molecular approaches has predominantly focussed on fishes of the Cape Fold Ecoregion (Ellender et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

Chakona¹,

Kadye²,

Bere³

et al. 2018

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Stream fishes of the Eastern Afromontane region are among the least studied vertebrates in this region, despite the potential for harbouring cryptic diversity. The present study examined mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence divergence in 153 specimens of stream fishes belonging to four genera and three families, [(Amphilius and Zaireichthys (Amphiliidae); Chiloglanis (Mochokidae); and Hippopotamyrus (Mormyridae)], in the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands (EZH) freshwater ecoregion to explore the extent to which the current taxonomy conceals the ichthyofaunal diversity in the region. The General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) species delineation method identified 14 clusters within five currently recognised ‘species’ from the EZH ecoregion. Only one of these clusters represents a named species, while 13 of them represent candidate or undescribed species. Our results revealed that effective conservation of this region’s unique biota is limited by the incomplete knowledge of taxonomic diversity and inaccurate mapping of species distribution ranges.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

Chakona¹,

Kadye²,

Bere³

et al. 2018

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“…Hitherto, a wide variety of protein-based and DNA-based methods have been evaluated for the molecular identification of fish species in Africa (e.g. Waters and Cambray 1997;Wishart et al 2006;Swartz et al 2008). These studies, however, are not comparable for the purposes of species identification because they lack standardization (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding discriminates freshwater fishes from southeastern Nigeria and provides river system-level phylogeographic resolution within some species

et al. 2011

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Background and aims: Fishes are the main animal protein source for human beings and play a vital role in aquatic ecosystems and food webs. Fish identification can be challenging, especially in the tropics (due to high diversity), and this is particularly true for larval forms or fragmentary remains. DNA barcoding, which uses the 5 0 region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI ) as a target gene, is an efficient method for standardized species-level identification for biodiversity assessment and conservation, pending the establishment of reference sequence libraries. Materials and methods: In this study, fishes were collected from three rivers in southeastern Nigeria, identified morphologically, and imaged digitally. DNA was extracted, PCR-amplified, and the standard barcode region was bidirectionally sequenced for 363 individuals belonging to 70 species in 38 genera. All specimen provenance data and associated sequence information were recorded in the barcode of life data systems (BOLD; www.barcodinglife.org). Analytical tools on BOLD were used to assess the performance of barcoding to identify species.Results: Using neighbor-joining distance comparison, the average genetic distance was 60-fold higher between species than within species, as pairwise genetic distance estimates averaged 10.29% among congeners and only 0.17% among conspecifics. Despite low levels of divergence within species, we observed river system-specific haplotype partitioning within eight species (11.4% of all species). Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that DNA barcoding is very effective for species identification of Nigerian freshwater fishes.

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“…Four additional genetic lineages are still awaiting taxonomic delineation , Waters & Wallis 2000,b, Waters et al 2001a,b, McDowall 2006b, Burridge et al 2007, Crow et al 2009. A similar case is also being observed in South Africa for the nonmigratory Cape Galaxias, Galaxias zebratus (Castelnau, 1861), where ten deeply divergent genetic lineages flag an unresolved species complex (Waters & Cambray 1997, Wishart 2002, Wishart et al 2006, Chackona et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A relatively morphologically conservative family (Wishart et al 2006), galaxiids have undergone traditional taxonomic revision a number of times (Stokell 1966, McDowall 1968, Scott 1968, McDowall 1970a, 1973a,b,c, 1976, McDowall & Fulton 1978a, leading to a number of previously valid species being synonymised and a period of relative stability in galaxiid nomenclature. Recent genetic analyses, however, provide considerable additional insight into species-level diversity in the Galaxiidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species

Raadik¹

2014

Zootaxa

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The systematics of the Galaxias olidus hyper-species complex from freshwater habitats in south-eastern, mainland Australia is revised. Galaxias olidus Günther 1866 is redescribed, Galaxias fuscus Mack 1936 and Galaxias ornatus Castelnau 1873, previously synonymised with G. olidus (sensu lato), are reinstated as valid taxa and redescribed, and 12 taxa are described as new: Galaxias aequipinnis sp. nov., Galaxias arcanus sp. nov., Galaxias brevissimus sp. nov., Galaxias gunaikurnai sp. nov., Galaxias lanceolatus sp. nov., Galaxias longifundus sp. nov., Galaxias mcdowalli sp. nov., Galaxias mungadhan sp. nov., Galaxias oliros sp. nov., Galaxias supremus sp. nov., Galaxias tantangara sp. nov., and Galaxias terenasus sp. nov. These species are morphologically similar and, whilst there is extensive overlap in meristic counts and morphometric characters, each can be diagnosed by unique combinations of characters, including allozyme loci and colour pattern; morphological diagnosis is improved greatly if based on freshly formalin-fixed material. Galaxias schomburgkii Peters 1868, Galaxias bongbong Macleay 1881, Galaxias kayi Ramsay & Ogilby 1886 and Galaxias oconnori Ogilby 1912 are retained as junior synonyms of G. olidus (sensu stricto). The types for Galaxias findlayi Macleay 1882 are lost and no specimens matching its description were collected or examined from the Mt. Kosciuszko region; it is also currently retained as a junior synonym of Galaxias olidus s.s. The species G. terenasus sp. nov. and G. arcanus sp. nov. are the most morphologically specialised in the complex and G. olidus s.s remains the most morphologically variable species. It also remains the most widespread taxon, though its previously known distribution is reduced, particularly in the south-west of its range. Nine species are narrow-range endemics, known from one, or only a few, locations, and these restricted distributions most probably reflect the fragmentation and reduction of former ranges caused by the effects of alien salmonids. Eleven species are of conservation concern, most are considered critically endangered.

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Extreme levels of intra-specific divergence among Cape Peninsula populations of the Cape galaxias,Galaxias zebratusCastelnau 1861, reveals a possible species complex

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

DNA barcoding discriminates freshwater fishes from southeastern Nigeria and provides river system-level phylogeographic resolution within some species

Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species

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