Extreme high-rate capable timing resistive plate chambers with ceramic electrodes

Abstract

The future Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment to be built at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany, will create the highest particle densities ever created in a laboratory. One of its components, the Time-of-Flight Wall, will be comprised of Resistive Plate Chambers. The high particle fluxes expected at the most inner region, close to the beam pipe, have led to the research of new low-resistive materials to be used as electrodes. Si 3 N 4 /SiC composites are a very good candidate for this function. Their bulk resistivity, in the order of 10 9 -10 10 Ω cm, allows for increased rate capabilities up to 10 6 s −1 cm −2 . In this report, the properties of these new materials will be discussed. Also, the performance of resistive plate chambers with ceramic electrodes under irradiation in electron and proton beams will be presented.

First studies with the Resistive-Plate WELL gaseous multiplier

“…The electron-conductive materials have a more stable (in time, with current applied) bulk resistivity, 1 making them more attractive for detector applications. Ceramics [27][28][29] and doped glass [30] have also drawn excitement within the RPC community, offering potential higher-rate operation. New materials, tailored for this application, can be engineered in collaboration with material scientists and industry.…”

“…The RPWELL combines the properties of THGEMs and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs, [25]). The latter employ anodes of highly resistive bulk materials (∼ 10 10 − 10 12 Ωcm), that fully damp sparks but cause rate limitations; new ceramics [26][27][28] and doped glass [29] of lower resistivity values (∼ 10 7 − 10 10 Ωcm), permit reaching rate capabilities of up to 10 3 Hz/mm 2 (for a recent review on RPCs see [30] and references therein). The RPWELL has two potential advantages compared to what has been previously attempted with the RWELL and SRWELL: first, the higher resistivity should provide superior discharge damping; second, transporting the accumulated charge through the layer (as opposed to transversely) should naturally lead to a lower avalanche-induced charge-spread.…”

R&D towards the CMS RPC Phase-2 upgrade

“…-4 - LRS glass 10 10 IPNL-LLR-Tsinghua [6,7] Vanadate glass 10 4 to 10 16 Coe College-ANL-University of Iowa [8] SiC based ceramics 10 7 to 10 12 HZDR [9] Ferrite ceramics 10 6 to 10 13 CSIC-USC [10]…”