Extreme geochemical heterogeneity in Afro-Arabian Oligocene tephras: Preserving fractional crystallization and mafic recharge processes in silicic magma chambers

Ukstins, Ingrid; Kent, Adam J.R.; Baker, Joel A.; Menzies, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.08.015

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ______________________________ MASTER'S THESIS ___________________ This is to certify that the Master's thesis of Jaime Ricci has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Master of Science degree in Geoscience at the July 2012 graduation. Table 2: Data on international standards JDo--1, JCp--1, JLs--1 and COQ--1…………………….33 Table 3: Major and trace element concentration data for the ODP samples………………..61 Table 4 Peate et al, 2008).…”

Section: Graduate Collegementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This project will focus on carbonate sediments recovered from an ODP core in the Indian Ocean (ODP Leg 115 Site 709). A critical aspect of these sediments is that they contain tephra layers that can be demonstrated based on magnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, geochemistry and chronology to have come from specific onshore eruptive events from the Afro--Arabian LIP ( Figure 2; Touchard et al, 2003;Ukstins Peate et al, 2003;Ukstins Peate et al, 2008), which provide a definitive record of the timing of volcanism within the sediments. This unique situation allows the tephra to be used to calibrate the chronology of the sedimentary record.…”

Section: Link Between Sediment Geochemistry and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 1--63, and in core 26x2, at depths of 43 to 44 cm, 237.43 mbsf, and 83 to 84 cm, 237.83 mbsf, now referred to as 2--43 and 5W (Figures 5b and 5c; Ukstins Peate et al, 2008). Touchard et al (2003) used biostratigraphy and paleomagnetics to link these ash layers to the Oligocene Afro--Arabian eruptions, while Ukstins Peate et al Ukstins Peate et al, 2008).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oldest sample analyzed from hole 709B has an inferred age of 32.13 Ma, based on the Peterson and Bachman (1990) model, and the oldest sample analyzed from hole 709C has an inferred age of 37.70 Ma, based on the Peterson and Bachman (1990) age model. Table 1 shows the ages, depths, and intervals of the sample suite of Baker et al (1990), Ukstins Peate et al (2008), and the samples of this study. Samples used for this study are in bold, with the sample name and sample analysis order added.…”

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP--OES) was used to measure the concentrations of major elements in the carbonate sediments, while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP--MS) was used to measure the concentrations of trace elements in the carbonate sediments. Baker et al (1990) and Ukstins Peate et al (2008) are not in bold, and sample information from this study in bold. Ages in italics are based on the average sedimention rate (7.21 m/Ma) of Baker et al (1990), and tephra layer ages from Ukstins Peate et al (2008) are outlined in a thick black.…”

Section: Analytical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating environmental response to Afro-Arabian flood basalt volcanism with elemental analysis of oligocene carbonate sediments from Odp Leg 115 site 709, Indian Ocean

Ricci¹

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The goal of this project is to investigate potential environmental responses to the extensive volcanism associated with the Afro-Arabian Large Igneous Province, by analyzing major and trace element contents in the carbonate phase of Oligocene sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 115 Site 709. These sediments were deposited above the carbonate compensation depth and span the main eruption interval of the Afro-Arabian Province at 30 Ma based on the presence of correlated volcanic ash layers. Large Igneous Provinces erupt large magma volumes (>0.1 million km 3) over a short time period (<1 million years). Due to their size, many large igneous provinces coincide with episodes of global environmental change, as recorded in faunal extinction events, anomalies in the global carbon cycle, and changes in ocean water composition. A major issue with linking volcanic events to environmental change is determining synchronicity between volcanic and sedimentary records. The sediments of this study contain tephra layers that can correlated to specific onshore eruptions from the Afro-Arabian large igneous province, and provide a definitive record of the timing of volcanism. Major and trace element analysis of the sediments show five groups of elements that share similar chemical behaviors. The sediments can be divided into three stratigraphic groups with different compositions. The boundary between Group 2 (the middle group) and Group 3 (the shallow group) occurs at a depth of 243± 0.75 meters below sea floor, and is marked by a sudden increase in manganese and rare earth elements. Its inferred age of 30.45 ± 0.10 Ma is consistent with the onset of Afro-Arabian volcanism. The boundary between Group 1, the deepest stratigraphic group, and Group 2 may occur at a depth of 258.21 ± 0.75 meters below sea floor, with an inferred age of 32.31 ± 0.10 Ma, defined by a gradual decrease in manganese and rare earth elements. This chemical change might correlate with the timing of the Eocene-Oligocene Oi-1 global cooling event, however additional analyses of δ 18 O and δ 13 C stable isotopes are necessary to fully resolve any connection.

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Section: Graduate Collegementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Link Between Sediment Geochemistry and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating environmental response to Afro-Arabian flood basalt volcanism with elemental analysis of oligocene carbonate sediments from Odp Leg 115 site 709, Indian Ocean

Ricci¹

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Major and trace element characterization of tephra layers offshore Pantelleria Island: insights into the last 200 ka of volcanic activity and contribution to the Mediterranean tephrochronology

Tamburrino

Insinga

Sprovieri

et al. 2012

J Quaternary Science

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A detailed tephrochronological study was carried out on the deep-sea core collected from Site 963A in the Sicily Channel during ODP Leg 160. The chronology of the succession is provided by an age-depth model based on isotope stratigraphy and quantitative eco-biostratigraphy. Major, trace and rare earth element content was obtained on single glass grains through electron probe micro-analysis and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques from six well-preserved tephra layers, characterized by a discrete thickness found along the succession. These deposits were correlated with the volcanic activity of Pantelleria and dated at 42.5, 127.5, 128.1, 129.1, 188.7 and 197.7 ka. This detailed chemical characterization of the studied deposits aims to provide a valuable reference database for scientists working on both proximal and distal products erupted at Pantelleria island during the Late Pleistocene. This study, moreover, offers the opportunity to better identify Pantelleria-related marker tephras within the tephrochronological framework of the central and eastern Mediterranean area.

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Tephrochronology

Lowe

Alloway

2015

Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods

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Tephrochronology is the use of primary, characterized tephras or cryptotephras as chronostratigraphic marker beds to connect and synchronize geological, paleoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events, or soils/paleosols, and, uniquely, to transfer relative or numerical ages or dates to them using stratigraphic and age information together with mineralogical and geochemical compositional data, especially from individual glass-shard analyses, obtained for the tephra/cryptotephra deposits. To function as an age-equivalent correlation and chronostratigraphic dating tool, tephrochronology may be undertaken in three steps: (i) mapping and describing tephras and determining their stratigraphic relationships, (ii) characterizing tephras or cryptotephras in the laboratory, and (iii) dating them using a wide range of geochronological methods. Tephrochronology is also an important tool in volcanology, informing studies on volcanic petrology, volcano eruption histories and hazards, and volcano-climate forcing. Although limitations and challenges remain, multidisciplinary applications of tephrochronology continue to grow markedly.

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Extreme geochemical heterogeneity in Afro-Arabian Oligocene tephras: Preserving fractional crystallization and mafic recharge processes in silicic magma chambers

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Investigating environmental response to Afro-Arabian flood basalt volcanism with elemental analysis of oligocene carbonate sediments from Odp Leg 115 site 709, Indian Ocean

Investigating environmental response to Afro-Arabian flood basalt volcanism with elemental analysis of oligocene carbonate sediments from Odp Leg 115 site 709, Indian Ocean

Major and trace element characterization of tephra layers offshore Pantelleria Island: insights into the last 200 ka of volcanic activity and contribution to the Mediterranean tephrochronology

Tephrochronology

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