Extreme carpal variability in<i>Teleoceras</i>(Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia)

Harrison, Jessica A.; Manning, Earl

doi:10.1080/02724634.1983.10011959

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Bonnan et al, 2013;Cardini et al, 2015;Knigge et al, 2015); here it seems clear that size does not have a strong influence on the shape of the bones, especially in our Rhinocerotidae dataset. We already noted qualitatively this intraspecific variability between individuals of the same species of Rhinocerotidae when digitizing the bones, and it has also been observed by Guérin (1980) on various bones of the tarsus of extant rhinocerotids, by Harrison & Manning (1983) on the carpus bones of Teleoceras, and by Heissig (2012) on several limb bones, including the astragalus, of aceratheres. Variations in the age of the specimens, especially for individuals for which we have only an astragalus and no calcaneus or long bones associated, could account for some intraspecific variation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Thus, when the bone is proximally reduced, the facet retains the same length and occupies relatively more space on the posterior face. Teleoceras being an extremely variable genus in terms of bone morphology (Harrison & Manning, 1983), a study with more individuals could yield insights on more subtle shape variations.…”

Section: Particular Cases Linked To Body Plan and Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of mass on tarsus shape variation: a morphometrical investigation among Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)

Etienne

Mallet

Cornette

et al. 2020

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Many tetrapod lineages show extreme increases in body mass in their evolutionary history, associated with important osteological changes. The ankle joint, essential for foot movement, is assumed to be particularly affected in this regard. We investigated the morphological adaptations of the astragalus and the calcaneus in Rhinocerotidae, and analysed them in light of a comparative analysis with other Perissodactyla. We performed 3D geometric morphometrics and correlated shape with centroid size of the bone and body mass of the species. Our results show that mass has an influence on bone shape in Rhinocerotidae and in Perissodactyla, but this is not as strong as expected. In heavy animals the astragalus has a flatter trochlea, orientated more proximally, associated with a more upright posture of the limb. The calcaneus is more robust, possibly to sustain the greater tension force exerted by the muscles during plantarflexion. Both bones show wider articular facets, providing greater cohesion and better dissipation of the loading forces. The body plan of the animals also has an influence. Short-legged Teleoceratina have a flatter astragalus than the other rhinocerotids. Paraceratherium has a thinner calcaneus than expected. This study clarifies adaptations to high body weight among Rhinocerotidae and calls for similar investigations in other groups with massive forms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Particular Cases Linked To Body Plan and Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mass on tarsus shape variation: a morphometrical investigation among Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)

Etienne

Mallet

Cornette

et al. 2020

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…In the first description of the Sandelzhausen rhinos an additional facet between Intermedium and Carpale 4 is mentioned, and compared to the condition in Teleoceras (Heissig 1972). But in fact, the additional posterior (palmar) articulation in Teleoceras is realized between Carpale 3 and Carpale 4 (Harrison and Manning 1983). In contrast to P. germanicus, both bones are situated in the same row of carpal bones in Teleoceras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Stiffening in the carpus of Prosantorhinus germanicus (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from Sandelzhausen (Germany)

Schellhorn

2021

PalZ

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Prosantorhinusgermanicus is a small, short-legged, teleoceratine rhino from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Bavaria, Germany). P.germanicus shows a high variation in some of its carpal bones. A unique modification of the articulation of Intermedium and Carpale 4 is described here. Special emphasis is given to additional articulation facets at the palmar processes of both bones. These additional contacts, working as stop facets, are unique among rhinos and restrict the flexion of the mid-carpal joint. Some individuals show these additional facets which prohibit the flexion within the wrist and therefore stiffen the carpus. Carpale 4 specimens without the additional facets show knob-like structures instead. These knobs are most likely precursory structures of those facets and the facets are fully developed in heavier males. A skeletal sexual dimorphism is not visible in the sample as all bones are in the same size range. The wrist stiffening in the mid-carpal joint supports a greater bodyweight and therefore could coincide with P.germanicus as a proposed dwarfed rhinoceros species. The stiffening can also be interpreted in favor of a semiaquatic mode of life. The stiffened carpus is more resistant against injuries while walking on muddy grounds in a wet environment.

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“…Rhinos are the most abundant animals in the bone bed, although other large mammals are represented (Leidy and Lucas 1896). The most abundant rhino is Teleoceras proterum , but Aphelops malacorhinus is common (Harrison and Manning 1983; Mihlbachler 2003, 2005). The fossils were contained in clay deposited in a shallow sinkhole resulting from karstification of the underlying Eocene Ocala Limestone, which experienced active deposition for a brief interval (Harrison and Manning 1983).…”

Section: Rhino Assemblages and Cause-of-death Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most abundant rhino is Teleoceras proterum , but Aphelops malacorhinus is common (Harrison and Manning 1983; Mihlbachler 2003, 2005). The fossils were contained in clay deposited in a shallow sinkhole resulting from karstification of the underlying Eocene Ocala Limestone, which experienced active deposition for a brief interval (Harrison and Manning 1983). The large Teleoceras assemblage contains excessive numbers of subadult and young adult males; this demographic bias is strongest at Mixson’s (Mihlbachler 2003) suggesting that the vast majority of the deaths were socially mediated and less likely related to drought or other types of ecological distress.…”

Section: Rhino Assemblages and Cause-of-death Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwear–mesowear congruence and mortality bias in rhinoceros mass-death assemblages

Mihlbachler¹,

Campbell²,

Chen³

et al. 2017

Paleobiology

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Although we do not know the cause of death of most fossil animals, mortality is often associated with ecological stress due to seasonality and other stochastic events (droughts, storms, volcanism) that may have caused shifts in feeding ecology preceding death. In these instances, dental microwear, which reflects feeding ecology in a narrow window of time, may provide a biased view of diet. Mesowear, another dental-wear proxy based on the morphology of worn cusps, requires macroscopic amounts of dental wear and reflects diet for a longer interval and may be less prone to bias from near-death ecological stress. We compared congruence between microwear and mesowear of North American, fossil rhinocerotid mass-death assemblages and collections of hunted modern rhinocerotids to test the hypothesis that fossil assemblages yield more incongruous microwear and mesowear data as a result of near-death ecological disturbances. In extant rhinos, both mesowear and microwear are associated with diet and height of the feeding environment. Mesowear and microwear in the modern rhinocerotid collections are statistically correlated, with strong relationships between average mesowear scores and labially distributed dental microwear. In contrast, a relationship between mesowear and microwear was not observed among the fossil rhinocerotid assemblages. Mesowear suggests that the fossil rhinos had low-abrasion diets, suggesting that they fed from clean, possibly tall vegetation. Some, but not all, mass-death assemblages produce microwear data with excessive scratches and/or pits compared with expectations based on mesowear results, suggesting that dental microwear was altered shortly before death in some but not all of the fossil assemblages. The dental-wear proxies available to paleoecologists provide a mosaic of dietary evidence reflecting diet over long (mesowear) and more abbreviated (microwear) periods of time that, together, provide a richer understanding of feeding ecology and its relationship to environment, seasonal change, and other ecological disturbances.

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Extreme carpal variability inTeleoceras(Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia)

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Influence of mass on tarsus shape variation: a morphometrical investigation among Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)

Influence of mass on tarsus shape variation: a morphometrical investigation among Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia: Perissodactyla)

Stiffening in the carpus of Prosantorhinus germanicus (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae) from Sandelzhausen (Germany)

Microwear–mesowear congruence and mortality bias in rhinoceros mass-death assemblages

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